TC Res. No. 1995-55RESOLUTION NO. 95 - 55
A RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE EAGLE RIVER WATERSHED
PLAN AND SETTING FORTH DETAILS IN REGARD THERETO
Whereas, the Town of Avon obtains its drinking water
supply from the Eagle River; and
Whereas, the Eagle River and its tributaries are a
shared resource in Eagle County; and
Whereas, regional cooperation is needed in Eagle County
to share information on water quality and quantity to effectively
protect and manage this resource; and
Whereas,, the Eagle River is a critical natural resource
which provides valuable habitat for aquatic life; and
Whereas, the Eagle River is a critical aesthetic
feature and valuable for maintaining the character of Avon; and
Whereas, the Eagle River Watershed,Plan will provide a
direction to protect and enhance water quality and the aesthetic
value of the Eagle River and its tributaries; and
Whereas, the Eagle River Watershed Plan is a guidance
document which identifies alternative actions to protect water
resources in Eagle County;
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE TOWN COUNCIL OF
THE TOWN OF AVON, COLORADO, that the Town Council hereby adopts
the Eagle River Watershed Plan as a planning document of the Town
to be used in establishing long range policies and land use
guidelines with respect to land development impacting upon the
Eagle River.
INTRODUCED, READ, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 12th day
of December 1995.
Mayor
1
14
GI.E RIvR
Etersl'ied Plan
FINAL DRAFT FOR REVIEW AND COMMENT
AUGUST 11, 1995,
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0010
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Eagle River Watershed Plan
SUMMARY
Plan Purpose and Content:
The Eagle River Watershed Plan outlines a collaborative, local philosophy for
protecting and improving water quantity, water quality, wildlife habitat and
recreational opportunities, and promoting compatible land use practices. The decision
to initiate the Plan was based on a common belief among local jurisdictions that the
Eagle- River and it's tributaries are essential to our quality of life. This plan defines
actions that can be taken to insure that the attributes of the watershed are protected
and enhanced through the years to come.
Development of the Plan involved many people representing a broad range-of interests
and expertise. Through that process; issues of concern were identified that became
the foundation of the plan goals (see Chapter 2). The recommended actions for
achieving those goals are a combination of educational, voluntary and regulatory
suggestions. Each jurisdiction has the option for choosing which actions to implement
but there are many opportunities for partnerships and cooperative efforts.
The public participation phase of the planning process indicated there is sincere
interest among local citizens about the watershed, particularly the Eagle River itself.
Many believe that the watershed is in an acceptable condition now but has.the
potential to degrade as the local and regional population grows and subsequent
demands for water quantity, developed land and recreation use' increase. There is a
strong desire to know more about the individual issues of water supply'and demand,
water quality status, wildlife habitat status, development of recreational opportunities,
and insurance of compatible land use practices that also consider the rights of private
property owners.
In response to the desire for increased knowledge and improved understanding,
background information is presented in the Plan on each of the different watershed
components- water quantity, water quality, wildlife, recreation and land use. This
Plan strives to be a single source of basic information on the watershed for the use
by local citizens and decisions makers.
s
Plan Goals - Summarized:
1. IMPROVE THE COMMUNITY'S UNDERSTANDING AND INTEREST IN
WA TERSHED ISSUES
DEVELOP COOPERATIVE LAND USE PLANNING PHILOSOPHIES AND
- TOOLS.
3. DETERMINE AND PROVIDE OPTIMUM WATER QUANTITY AND
QUALITY
4. PROTECTOR RESTORE OPEN SPACE AND SENSITIVE AREAS
5. PROTECT AND IMPROVE RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
Recommended First Steps:
The recommended actions that can be taken to implement this Plan and meet the,
above goals are comprehensively listed in Chapter 3: Plan Implementation as well as
in each topic chapter. The following stand out as recommended first steps:
1. Establish the Eagle River Watershed Committee - to oversee Plan
implementation - a group consisting of citizens and -local governments
representatives, including elected officials, needs to direct this effort. Citizens
provide insight and expertise, local government provides structure and staff
support.
2. Develop a Public Education Program about Watershed Issues - an important
key to the success of this plan is to keep the community interested and
involved.
3. Create Annual Work Programs to Identify Priority Actions -select a project
from each category, identify costs and responsibilities, and secure funding.
First year project examples include: an access improvement project, creation
of a recreation map, a habitat improvement project, regulatory review, a water
quality monitoring project and determining optimum water quantity flows.
1 1
EAGLE RIVER MANAGEMENT PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 4
Profile of the Watershed
Purpose and Use of the Plan
Geographic Scope of the Plan
Vision
Planning Process Background
Relationship to Other Plans
Other Water Planning and Advocacy Efforts
Organization of the Plan
Chapter 2. GOALS 7
Chapter 3. IMPLEMENTATION 8
Chapter 4. WATER QUANTITY 14
Overview of Water Quantity Issues and Objectives
Background
Water Quantity Objectives, and Recommended Actions
Chapter 5. WATER QUALITY 28
Overview of Water Quantity Issues and Objectives
Background
Water Quantity Objectives and Recommended Actions
Chapter 6. WILDLIFE 39
Overview of Water Quantity Issues and Objectives
Background
Water Quantity Objectives and Recommended Actions
Chapter 7. RECREATION 49
Overview of Water Quantity Issues and Objectives
Background
Water Quantity Objectives and Recommended Actions
Chapter S. LAND USE 65
Overview of Water Quantity Issues and Objectives
Background
Water Quantity Objectives and Recommended Actions
LIST OF APPENDICES
1 D
Appendix A.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Appendix B.
THE PLANNING PROCESS
Appendix C.
OTHER WATER PLANNING AND ADVOCACY EFFORTS
Appendix D.
GLOSSARY (including acronyms)
Appendix E.
STUDIES SPECIFIC TO THE EAGLE RIVER WATERSHED
Appendix F.
REFERENCES
Appendix G.
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES
Appendix H.
RELATED REGULATIONS
Appendix 1.
PUBLIC UOMMENTS ON PLAN FIRST DRAFT, (Under Separate Cover)
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1.
Eagle River Instream Flow Standards
15
Table 2.
Eagle River Instream Flow Deficits
20
Table 3.
Solid, Salt, Nutrient Trends
29
Table 4.
Recreation Use Statistics
52
Table 5.
Comparative Population Figures
66
Table 6.
Existing Town and County Stream Setbacks
67
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.
Amount of Instream Flow
18
Figure 2.
Riparian Ecosystem Cross Section
71
LIST OF MAPS
Watershed Vicinity Map
3
Water Quantity
27
Water Quality
38
Wildlife Habitat
48
Recreation Access
64
Land Use Patterns
78
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
PROFILE OF THE EAGLE RIVER WATERSHED
The Eagle River watershed covers a drainage area of approximately 970 square miles and
has an average annual water flow of 415,000 acre feet. Elevations in the watershed
range from 6,100 feet at Dotsero to 14,003 at the summit of Mount of the Holy Cross.
The Eagle River originates near the southeastern border of Eagle County at Tennessee .
Pass and flows northwest and then west for about 77 miles to its co. ifluence with the
Colorado River at Dotsero, 6 miles west of Gypsum.
Homestake, Cross, Gore, Brush and Gypsum Creeks are the largest of the hundreds of
Eagle River tributary streams. There are approximately 120 natural lakes and 8 reservoirs
in the watershed.
Approximately 98% of the watershed land area is located in Eagle County. The remaining
2% is located in Pitkin County in the Homestake Reservoir area. Approximately 75%
percent of the land in the watershed is public land managed by the U.S. Forest Service
and Bureau of Land Management.
The Eagle River watershed provides water supply for the majority of Eagle County's
population and to several front range communities.
PURPOSE AND USE OF THE EAGLE RIVER WATERSHED PLAN -
The purpose of the Eagle River Watershed Plan is to,outline a collaborative, local -
philosophy for protecting and improving water quantity, water quality, wildlife habitat and
recreational opportunities, and promoting compatible land use .practices.
This plan is a source of information and a statement of cooperative direction that is meant
to be.useful to the general public and local governmental entities for setting priorities and
planning projects, and in making decisions regarding the future of the Eagle River . -
watershed. Many of the Plan recommendations are dependent on educational efforts by
the local governments and agencies to promote voluntary actions and improved
awareness.
This Plan is not a regulatory document. The Plan does include recommendations for
possible policy and/or regulatory revision related to the rivers and creeks. Generally,
implementation of all regulatory recommendations and suggestions, such as river and
creek buffers, will be up to the discretion 'of each jurisdiction and will require tailoring to
meet the needs of each entity and address possible constraints such as existing land uses.
4
d
GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE OF THE PLAN
The Eagle River Watershed Plan addresses the entire Eagle River watershed which includes
the Eagle River, all of its tributary streams and the headwater lakes and springs. This
holistic, integrated approach reflects a local, regional and national desire to understand the
"big-picture" of how watersheds function and respond to human impacts.
A COMMON VISION FOR THE WATERSHED
Through the planning process, a vision has emerged for the future of the Eanle River
watershed. It is difficult to envision what this region, and more specifically the Eagle River
watershed, will be like 100 years from now, but our vision should extend at-least 20 to 50
years into the future.
The vision for the watershed is of....
.....a network of clear, mountain streams and river that provide good quality water
in ample quantity for a self-sustaining, healthy fish population and efficient use by
humans;
.....open space and greenbelts along the river and streams that buffer the
waterways from human land use. impacts, and preserve the riparian areas that
provide critical wildlife habitat and scenic vistas;
. .....land uses that respect the riparian and aquatic ecosystems and complement the
scenic character of the waterways;
.....appropriate, non-disruptive and well-designed access to the river for passive and
active recreation;
.....an appreciation and respect from the residents of the watershed for the
extraordinary resource that we share.
The vision is achievable. Many elements are in place currently, but will require diligence
to cope with change and growth. Other elements of the vision need to, be developed. In
order to achieve the vision, it is essential that all citizens in the Eagle River watershed
come to a common understanding-that the river and tributaries are a critical component of
our quality of lives and that it will require the cooperation and commitment of many to
realize and sustain the vision.
PLANNING PROCESS BACKGROUND
The Eagle River Watershed Plan (originally the Eagle River Management Plan) was initiated
by local governments-after protection of the Eagle -River -was4dentified as a top community
concern through town and County master planning forums and surveys. The perception
among local citizens and community leaders was that the Eagle River and its tributaries are
atremendous asset that has been frequently overlooked or degraded in.terms of water
quality and quantity, adjacent land use impacts, aesthetic quality, recreation and habitat
5
values. Participants in the planning process have included citizens at-large, land. owners,
rafting, fishing and other special interest groups, representatives of all the Towns in the
watershed, and of State and Federal government agencies. A complete list of participants
is included in Appendix A.
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PLAINS
Most of the comprehensive planning-documents adopted by the Town and County
governments include goals and policies regarding the Eagle River and its tributaries. This
Plan expands.on those goals.and policies, giving more specific direction.'. It does not
replace those plans but is intended to supplement them.
This plan should be revised as necessary to reflect the changing needs and priorities of the
watershed and citizens.
OTHER WATER PLANNING AND ADVOCACY EFFORTS
Northwest Colorado Council of Government's 208 Plan Update and Water Quality and
Quantity Program, the Colorado River Headwaters Forum and the Eagle River Assembly
are all current efforts to formulate solutions to the many water quality and quantity issues
faced in the watershed and the region. Additional information on each of these efforts is
located in Appendix C.
ORGANIZATION OF THE-PLAN
The Plan is organized into chapters, each addressing a specific topic identified through the
planning process: Goals, Plan Implementation, Water Quantity, Water Quality, Wildlife,
Recreation, and Land Use.
Each Chapter includes discussion on: Issues identified during the process, Background to
create an understanding of the issues, and Objectives and Recommended Actions that
should take place to implement the goals of the plan.
It is not possible to entirely separate each issue because of the inherent relationships
within the watershed. For example, water quantity affects water quality, quantity'and
quality affects wildlife habitat, land use affects quantity and quality and 'so.on. Overlap
between topics exists because of these relationships and in many cases, illuminates which
actions are of greatest priority because several issues can be addressed by taking a
specific action.
6
These goals represent the ideals and results towards which the Plan is directed. They are
statements of purpose that specify, on a general level, what the Plan effort is intended to
accomplish.
1. Improve the community's and-decision maker's understanding and interest-in
the watershed issues of water quantity and quality, wildlife habitat,
recreation opportunities and land use impacts.
2. Develop cooperative land use planning philosophies and tools for effective
protection of watershed attributes.
3. Determine and provide optimum water quantity -and quality to maintain a
healthy and naturally self sustaining trout population as an indicator species
of a healthy aquatic environment and for a quality fishing experience.
4. Trotect or restore open space and sensitive areas such as springs, wetlands,
floodplains, riparian zones, critical habitat and other geographic features that
are associated with the watershed.
-5. Protect and improve recreational oooortunities, such as fishing and boating,
which exist along the Eagle River and its tributaries.
7
CHAPTER 3: PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 BACKGROUND
The implementation of this plan is expected to take place over several years and will
require the commitment of all local officials and citizens and the direct guidance of a'
specific entity. This plan is intended- to be integrated into the work programs of the
participating local governments, agencies and special-interest groups where appropriate.
3.2 RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1. Establish an Eagle River Watershed Committee
Since this Plan covers several jurisdictions and has involved a number of people, it
is essential that a committed, cohesive. group of people monitor and facilitate
implementation of the Plan.
Membership:
Citizens, landowners, local government appointed and elected officials and
staff; and local water and sanitation districts should be the central members
of the committee. Participants should also include, as necessary,
representatives of the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Colorado State Water
Quality Control Division, Natural Resource Conservation Service, US Army
Corps of Engineer, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Forest Service, Bureau of
Land Management and the Environmental Protection Agency and others. 15
members is recommended as the maximum size in order to maintain
effectiveness. The involvement of government helps add structure -and
permanence to the effort.
Protocol:
The group should meet on a regular and continuing basis, for a minimum. of
five years following completion of this document. The Committee's role
would be advisory, not regulatory. Recommendations of the Committee-
could be acted 'on by local, state and federal agencies. Representatives from
local governments would be responsible for reporting the progress of plan
implementation to their elected and appointed officials and seeking their
direction and commitment.
Key Functions:
Key- functions of this committee would-be to 1) Oversee the continued
implementation of the Watershed Plan, including prioritization of all actions.
and 2) Generate and provide information/education on the watershed for
decision makers (towns, County, etc.) and the general public.
8
1. Oversee the Continued Implementation of the Watershed Plan.
Following assembly of the Committee, an annual work and five year work
program would be developed and updated each year. That work program
would include actions selected from the Plan that, through consensus, are
determined to be of the highest priority for implementation. The work
program should include actions/projects from, each of the five plan topic
areas: Water Quantity,' Water Quality, Wildlife, Recreation, and Land Use.
Committee activities should include:
* Developing work programs
* Developing and completing~projects
* Developinglimplementing an information/education program
* Compiling and assessing data
* Coordinating enforcement efforts
* Arranging alternative and partnership funding
* Making, application for grant funding
* Assisting local officials with- identifying impacts on watershed
* Coordinating and assisting with policy or regulatory review/revisions
* Coordinating information sharing
* Coordinating water quality, wildlife and recreation monitoring
2.. Generate and Provide Information/Education. on the Eagle River Watershed
for "Decision Makers" (Towns, County, Water Districts, etc.) and the General
Public
An Education/Information program is essential. to the successful protection of
the river and tributary streams, and in turn the watershed as.a whole. Tools
that can be used include:
* Special events e.g. Eagle River Festival, clean-ups, etc.
* Volunteer activities e.g. high school kids to help with bank
stabilization/enhancement projects, monitoring, etc.
* An annual "State of the River" report, for public information. Sample
topics: ways that citizens can reportwater quality concerns (e.g.
illegal dumping, erosion control problems, fish kills, etc.); activities
which impact the watershed waters, riparian and sensitive areas and
- hvw those- activities -can be modifiedtto-Lessen - or eliminate the impact
(e.g. State 305 B Clean Water Act report and program);' access point
information;'historical-information, etc.); and what realtors, builders,
developers and citizens should know about regulations that protect the
river and tributaries
9
* Promotion of water quality programs which have been developed for
schools
* Preparation of maps of recreation areas and sensitive, areas and
distribution to general public (see Recreation and Land Use chapter)
* Publicity in local. media -on a regular basis (e.g. at least every six'
months) to inform local citizens about watershed issues, events,
actions
* Progress reports every six months for presentation to the local
elected and appointed officials of the towns and the county
* An-inventory of reference information such as aerial photos
of the Eagle River watershed for use in planning and management of
the watershed; local, State and Fed (BLM, USFS, et.) regulations and
enforcement procedure as they relate to land use and water features;
inventory of all information and studies related to the Eagle River;
updates to the list of all relevant funding sources.
2. Develop a Prioritized Action Plan and Annual Work Program
All actions recommended by the Plan are comprehensively listed below. These
actions are no .yet listed in priority order but will need _to be generally prioritized as
part of the` work plan preparation previously recommended. The Plan is a dynamic
document'and priorities ate subject to change because of evolving conditions in the
watershed. By preparing annual work programs, changing priorities can be
accommodated.
Priority should be given to those projects that: 1) are critical situations in need of
attention before a situation further degrades, or 2 ) are. immediate windows of
opportunity that may be lost, or 3) can be implemented for minimal cost relative to
the benefits achieved, or 4) will respond or resolve several issues simultaneously by
taking action.
The following items should be also addressed in the selection of priorities and the
annual work .programs:
* Consultation with appropriate "Decision Makers"
* Estimates of Probable Cost and Time
* Funding Source(s)
* Identification of who will Coordinate and Participate in the project and
specific roles
10
3.3. COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF RECOMMENDED ACTIONS BY CHAPTER
IMPLEMENTATION Recommended Actions:
Establish an Eagle River Watershed Committee (pg.8)
Generate and Provide Information/Education (pg.9)
Develop a Prioritized Action Plan and Annual Work Programs (pg.10)
WATER QUANTITY Recommended Actions:
Determine Optimal Instream Flows (pg.22)
Determine Water Supply Thresholds (pg.23)
Utilize the Colorado River Decision Support System (pg.23)
Obtain Water Plan Review Assistance (pg. 23)
Review/Develop Master Plan Policies Specific to Water Issues of Supply,
Demand and Capacity (pg.24)
Adopt a Local Position on Augmentation Plans (pg.24)
Encourage Consolidation of Special Districts (25)
Work with Front Range Communities (pg.25)
Implement Water Conservation Measures (pg.26)
Investigate Growth Management Tools (pg.26)
Investigate. Storage and Engineering Solutions (pg.27)
WATER QUALITY Recommended Actions:
Inventory and Coordinate Water Quality Monitoring Efforts (pg.33)
Apply for Water Quality Program Funding (pg.33)
Determine Local Water Quality Plan Needs and Draft a Model Plan (pg.33)
Develop Public Information Program about Local Water Quality (pg.33) '
11
Develop Wellhead Protection Programs to Protect Drinking Water (pg.34)
Implement Appropriate Best Management Practices (pg.34)
WILDLIFE Recommended Actions:
Implement Measures to Protect and Improve Water Quantity and Quality (pg.
45)
Implement Habitat Improvement Projects (pg.46)
Support Efforts to Prevent Spread of Infectious Disease to Local Fish
Populations (pg. 47)
Review/Revise Fishing Bag Limits and Regulations (pg. 47)
Review/Revise Drainage and Transportation Regulations (pg.47)
InventoryRiparian Zones and Habitat Boundaries (pg. 47)
Acquire Riparian Lands (pg.48)
Implement Stream Buffer Standards (pg.48)
Preserve.Wildlife Corridors to Riparian Areas (pg.48)
Develop or Improve Appropriate Access (pg.48)
Request Mitigation Trust Funds (pg.48)
Manage Noxious Weeds in Riparian Areas (pg.48)
Manage Livestock in Riparian Areas (pg. 48)
Restrict Access into Critical Watershed Areas (pg.49)
Monitor Critical Areas (pg.49)
Provide Buffer Zones (pg.49)
Designate Watchable Wildlife Sites (pg.49)
12
RECREATION Recommended Actions.
Cooperatively Initiate Carrying Capacity.Study (pg.55)
Cooperatively Study Fishery Conditions (pg.55)
Develop Recreational Maps for Public (pg.56)
Review/Revise Fishing, and Boating Regulations (pg.56)
Improve Existing Publi.- Access Points (pg.57)
Create Appropriate New Public Access Points (pg. 58)
Implement River Access Improvement Guidelines (pg.58)
Preserve or Create Access' through Land Development where Appropriate
(pg.59)
LAND--USE, Recommended Actions:
Create Comprehensive Watershed Maps (pg.69)
Develop Master Plans for each of the Tributary Valleys (pg.71)
Implement a Cooperative Enforcement Program of Existing Regulations
(pg.71)
Revise River/Creek Setbacks for Consistency and Sensitive Lands Protection
(pg.71)
Locate Compatible Land Uses Adjacent to Rivers and Streams (pg.74)
Develop River/Creekfront Design Standards (pg.74)
Analyze Ability to Supply Adequate Water (pg.74)
Analyze Golf Course and Ski Area Proposals (0g.75)
.-•-flevelo-p-a-Model Sensitive Lands -Overlay -Zone-tpg. 75)
Review Related Regulations (Floodplain, Wetland, Drainage) for Effectiveness
and Possible Revision (pg. 75)
13
% I
Improve Local Authority on 35 Acre Exemptions' (pg.78)
Protect Riparian Lands as Highest Open Space Priority (pg.78)
Jointly Pursue Open Space Funds (pg.78)
Guarantee Open Space as Perpetual (pg.78)
Maintain Public Lands as Open Space (0g.78)
Develop Parks, Trails and Access Sites Adjacent to Waterways where
Appropriate (pg.78)
Support Local Ranching Activities (pg.78)
14
CHAPTER 4: WATER QUANTITY
4.1~ OVERVIEW OF WATER QUANTITY ISSUES AND OBJECTIVES
Several water quantity issues and concerns were identified and discussed during the
planning process:
Water Quantity Issues:.
Lack of Water Supply Information and Education
Lack of Cooperative Water and Land Use Planning between Water Districts and
Local Land Use "Decision Makers"
Increasing Water Supply Demands and Impacts
Instream Flow Deficits
Optimal Flow Unidentified
In response,to.the identified issues-and concerns, and in support of the goals for the Plan,
the following objectives were developed:
Water Quantity- Objectives:
1. Improve Water Quantity Information and Availability of Information for Local
"Decision Makers" and Citizens
2. Develop Cooperative Land Use and Water Planning Policies that Address Future
Growth, Water Supply and Stream Flow Protection
3. Eliminate Instream Flow Deficits
4.2 BACKGROUND
In Colorado and in other western states, water quantity has been one of the most
important issues for growth. Competition for water has been intense between front range
and west slope water users as well as between western states. Where ample water and
water rights exist, communities, -recreation, and agriculture have flourished. While water
rights and trans-basin diversions have always been a issue in Eagle County, it has only
recently been realized that human water demand in Eagle County, may exceed the supply
constraints. Water supply issues also affect natural and recreational resources associated
with the watershed.
15
Stream Flow Characteristics
Stream flow can be measured as cubic feet per second (CFS) or as stream discharge
measured in acre feet (see glossary for definitions).
An acre foot is approximately the area of a football field with 1, foot of standing water.
An acre foot is considered to be an average quantity of water a family of four needs in
one year (per Colorado Water Education Foundation).
Discharge of the Eagle River, as historically measured at a stream gauge. below Gypsum
Creek, averages about 415,000 acre :eet per year. Most of this strearri_ flow occurs in a
short period in response to melting snowpack. About 75 percent of the average annual
flow of the Eagle River occurs during the three months of May, June, and July.
Instream Flow Characteristics
Instream flow amounts are determined by the Colorado Division of Wildlife and Colorado
Water Conservation Board (CWCB). Instream flow standards are intended to "preserve the
natural environment to a reasonable degree" (CRS 37-92-102(3)). Instream flows are
identified by determining the flow necessary to sustain aquatic life. Table 1 summarizes
Instream flow standards during different times of the year along the Eagle River.
Table 1. Eagle River Instream Flow Standards
EAGLE RIVER SECTION
Cross Creek to Gore Creek
Beaver Creek to Lake Creek
Lake Creek to Brush Creek
Brush Creek to, Colorado River
INSTREAM FLOW (CFS) STANDARD
SUMMER WINTER
50
85
110
130
20
35
45
50
NOTE: Summer = May 1 through September 30; Winter =October 1 through April 30
Existing Water Storage Facilities
Dams and reservoirs are typically constructed for flood control and to capture a portion of
the spring runoff so that water can be stored for release during drier periods of the _year.
pip "4dw
16
-f
There are six water storage facilities in the Eagle River Basin:
1. Homestake: The largest reservoir is Homestake.Reservoir which is
located high in the headwaters of the Eagle on U.S.F.S. land southeast of
Red Cliff. Homestake reservoir delivers approximately 20,000 acre feet,
per year to the cities of Aurora and Colorado Springs. Its storage -
capacity is 43,000 acre feet. Recently, 'a, three year agreement Was
signed between Aurora and a group of local water provider districts that
calls for the release of 300 acre feet of,water- from the Homestake
Reservoir to augment flows in the Eagle River during dry periods.
2. Climax Reservoirs: Climax Mine has two private reservoirs in the Eagle
River watershed, Eagle Park- and Robinson Reservoir, which- together have
a 6,000 acre foot capacity and were built for industrial purposes at the
mine, tailings impoundment and distilling. The Eagle Park Reservoir is
currently being reclaimed and could be available for augmenting flows in
the Eagle River watershed.
3. Black Lakes: Black Lakes are located on the west side of Vail Pass.
Black Lakes 1. 2 Reservoirs were constructed by the Colorado Division
of Wildlife are used for recreation and augmenting flows in the-Eagle River
watershed (specifically Gore Creek). The two lakes have a total capacity
of 300 acre feet, a portion of which is available for augmentation.
4. Nottingham Lake: Nottingham Lake is located within Town of- Avon and
has a 100 acre feet storage capacity. The major use of:theJakeJs
recreation.
5. Sylvan Lake: In November of 1994,, the Town of Eagle and the
Colorado Department of Natural Resources signed an agreement to utilize
Sylvan Lake to.provide storage for the Town of Eagle.
6. Lede Reservoir: This is a private reservoir on U.S.F.S land south of
Gypsum.. It was constructed for agricultural uses but some water is
leased to Gypsum. It is also used for public recreation.
Water Rights
Since the Eagle River is in the headwaters of the Rocky Mountains, water availability is
very dependent-onrprecipitatiori,-particularly snowfall.--T1, -ability to use the water for a
consumptive use is dictated by water rights.
Avery simplified explanation of water rights is that water users must acquire water rights
.-to use water when there is no available un-allocated water. Water rights have a quantity
17 _
associated with the right and a priority date (the year the right was decreed). Water users
with the oldest or most senior water rights have the first priority for water during dry
periods when there is not enough water to meet all demands.
The most senior rights and the largest water right holders in the upper Colorado River are
the Shoshone Power Plant and farmers in the Grand Junction area (referred to as. the
Cameo Call). When the Eagle and Colorado rivers are low, these water users have the
first priority forwater usage during these times. This affect's how much water can be
diverted or used in 'the Eagle- River during low flows.
Water Usage
In the Eagle River there are two major uses of water:
aJ Trans-Basin Use
bJ In-Basin Use
Both types of users are affected by the available water and the water rights in the basin.
The map following this chapter is a map of the Eagle River watershed that displays
municipal diversions (in- and trans-basin) and where water is returned from waste water
treatment facilities (in-basin).
Trans-Basin Use
Trans-Basin Use involves transporting water from one watershed to another via diversion
systems. There are four diversions that take water out of the Eagle-River watershed and
transport it to certain front range cities. These diversions include the:
1. Wurtz Ditch (City of Pueblo)
2. Ewing Ditch (City of Pueblo)
3. Columbine Ditch (City of Pueblo)
4: Homestake 1 Project (Cities of Aurora and Colorado Springs)
Together these diversions transport approximately 34.000 acre feet- of water_.to the front
range each year. Trans-basin uses result in a 100% consumption of water since none of
the 34,000 acre feet is returned to the Eagle River watershed. Diversion points are
depicted on the map accompanying this chapter.
Timing of Trans-Basin Diversions
It is important to note when out-of-basin diversions occur in relation to stream flow in the
Eagle River. Figure 1. depicts stream flow for an average year and a dry year.
Trans-basin diversions occur. during the spring melt-off when flows are at their highest
and can not legally occur during low flow periods because of the existing senior water
18
rights on the Colorado River. This basically reduces the intensity of spring melt flows and
does not affect in-basin uses. It should be noted that high spring flows are important for
"flushing" sediment out of the river in order to maintain optimal aquatic habitat (Calow,
1992). However it is not known how much of a "flushing" effect is needed to maintain
optimal habitat for aquatic life in the Eagle River.
Figure 1.
CONCEPTUAL DIAGR/`.M OF
EAGLE RIVER STREAM FLOW
Average Year ; f-"ata.~(unO.y.ay
sr. Flo.
Trios - easti
T .
0
E
M
m
~ E+waq
p sVwa Flaw
C
7 '
E
a
ti-OEM
o.a.es~
i nm.an ra.
oerw
c.e. W. wq. Jn. ar. w°. • sa°i. Occ aw,. O.c
Source: Eagle River Assembly Phase I Report, 1994
19
In-Basin (local) Use
In-basin water use consists of all water uses that take water from the watershed for use
within the watershed. In-Basin water users in Eagle County divert water from the Eagle
and it's tributaries but unlike trans-basin users, they typically return a significant portion
of the water diverted back to the Eagle River watershed. Therefore, it is critical to look at
where, when, and how much water is diverted and where, when and how much water is
returned to the Eagle River. The following is a description of in-basin water users and
typical return flows:
. 1; Domestic users take water out, treat it, provide it for homes, and
businesses, treat it at a waste water treatment facility (typically down river from the
diversion), and then return approximately 90% of the water originally diverted. However,
it should be acknowledged that there can be a significant depletion in stream flow
between the points where water is diverted and returned at a waste water treatment
plant.
2) Snowmaking usually takes water from the river in October, November
and December. Approximately 80% of the water is returned during the spring melt (when
flow is high) and the rest is lost to evaporation.
3) Golf Courses also divert water for irrigation. A well- managed golf
course uses water efficiently in that they only divert what is-needed to maintain the turf.
However, well-managed golf courses are considered to be 100% consumptive because
there is typically no measurable return flow. In other words;-the water applied to a well
managed golf course is used by the grass and is lost to evaporation with no measurable
water running back into the watershed.
4) Agricultural users in Eagle County take water out at established
diversion points through irrigation systems to grow feed for livestock. Return flows can
vary significantly depending on the quality of the irrigation system but can range up to
50%, with, the rest being lost to evaporation, plant use and deep percolation. Agricultural.
return flows can be valuable in augmenting late summer flows through the slow (relative
to surface run-off) lateral percolation of water from irrigated fields to streams. Although
domestic water usage may be more efficient than agriculture,, agricultural land can have a
significant benefit to return flows during the' later part of the summer when natural .stream
flows are low. The relative consumptive use of irrigation and domestic use is- a critical
issue in Eagle County and should be examined more fully.
In-Basin Water Management
Within the watershed there are several entities that manage supply and distribution,
according to their particular water rights. The majority of these entities were specifically
created in response to a specific land development project with the exception of the town-
owned and operated systems. Nearly every district has a board of directors that oversees
3.; i-
ta;
20
operation: Arrowhead Metro Water District
Beaver Creek Metro Water District
Bellyache Ridge Metro Water District
Berry Creek Metro Water District
Eagle-Vail Metro Water District
Edwards' Metro Water District
Lake Creek Meadows Water District
'Squaw Creek Metro Water District
Upper Eagle Regional Water Authority
Upper Eagle Valley Consolidated Sanitation District"
Vail Valley Consolidated Water District
Town of• Minturn
Town of Red Cliff
Town of Avon
Town of Eagle
Town of Gypsum
•UEVCSD manages water and sanitation for all of the listed districts and the sanitation for the towns of
Avon, Minturn and Avon.
Water Deficits
Stream.flows have been below minimum instream,flow standards during the late summer
and winter during dry years. The frequency and duration of, minimum instream flow
deficits (depending on the location on the Eagle River) varies from once every 1 to 5
years.
Table 2.. Instream Flow Deficits
Section of Eagle River
Instream Flow Standard
Summer/Winter
Estimated Frequency of
Flow Shortage - Summer
Estimated Frequency
of Flow Shortage -
Winter
Cross Ck-Gore Ck
50/20 cfs
1 in 5-10 years
1 in 10 years
Gore Ck - Beaver Ck
85/35 cfs
1 in 5-10 years,
1 in 5-10 years
Beaver Ck - Lake Ck
85/35 cfs
1 in 2 years
1 in 5-10 years
Lake Ck - Brush Ck
110/45 -cfs
1 in 5-10 years
1 in 5-10 years
Brush Ck - Colorado
130/50 cfs
1 in 5-10 years
May not occur
" A shortage is assumed to occur when stream Tiow is less tnan the instream now stanoara Tor a penoo
exceeding several consecutive days. (Source: Eagle River Assembly, Phase I Report, 1994)
Fish "kills" have-been-raGiarded bythe Colorado D+visiGR-49-Wildlife when flows have been
above instreani flows perhaps indicating that minimum flows may not be adequate to
protect trout populations -throughout the length of the Eagle River. It should also be noted
that historic flows dropped' below minimum instream flow-standards on portions of the
Eagle River before there either id=basin or trans=basin diversions. This would suggest
21
that there may have always been stress, on trout populations during natural low ,flow,
periods. Additional biological monitoring is needed to determine the relationship between
water quantity/quality and biological indicators:
It is estimated by the Eagle- River Assembly. (1994) that to increase stream flow to
minimum instream flow levels, an additional 3,300 to 4,000 acre feet of water needs to
be stored and released into the Eagle River during dry times of the year, typically late ,
summer and early winter. The same report estimates that 5,200 to 6,500 acre feet may
be needed to increase stream flow ensure minimum instream flow as the County
approaches "build-out" of developments approved as of 1994. A separate report
commissioned by Eagle County estimates that in July 199vE there-are approximatley
11,000 units unbuilt but approved indicated that the demand for water is sure to increase.
4.3. WATER QUANTITY OBJECTIVES AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
4.3.1 Objective: IMPROVE WATER QUANTITY AND STREAM FLOW INFORMATION
AND AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION FOR LOCAL "DECISION
MAKERS" AND CITIZENS
Local understanding of water quantity needs to be increased, especially in relation to new
and proposed growth. Water authorities and governmental ("decision makers") entities
need to work closely together to ensure water management is congruent with planned
development.
Recommended Actions.
1. Determine Optimal Instream Flows
The public and officials expressed concern regarding the adequacy of
instream flow standards set by the Colorado Water Conservation Board
(CWCB). The issue was raised that optimum flows be identified that
maintain a healthy and naturally self sustaining trout population. This flow'
standard should be based on biologically defensible criteria and should be
used as a target (goal) flow in the local review of development.
As a priority of the Eagle River Watershed Committee (see
Implementation,, Chapter 3), establish a cooperative effort between the
Division of Wildlife, CWCB-, recreationists, water users/providers and -
governing "entities to determine an optimal flow for the Eagle River and
tributaries that has defensible criteria. This optimal flow should then be
used as a target flow when reviewing projects that may affect water
22
resources. The Eagle River Management Committee could initiate the-
effort, in cooperation with other on-going water planning groups. This
effort should also include a complete study of water use in the watershed
by identifying major water consumers in the watershed, consumptive use,
actual supply, and estimated projected demand for the entire watershed.
The Committee along with area water users may want to request changes
to instream flow standards to the CWCB based on the analysis done to
determine optimal flows.
2. Determine Water Supply Thresholds
Local land use planning and water planning efforts must identify critical
thresholds for growth. For instance, a Waste Water Treatment Plan has a
capacity to treat the water of a certain number of households before
needing to be upgraded. Critical thresholds should be identified in
planning efforts and the consequences of exceeding thresholds should be
clearly identified to decision makers.
3. Utilize the Colorado River Decision. Support System
Utilize the Colorado River Decision Support System to make informed
decisions related to water quantity. This is a state sponsored
computerized system that has stream flow, information and modeling
capabilities to allow water planners to make informed decisions on water
development projects. This system is planned to be available in 1996 or
1997.
4. Obtain Water Plan Review Assistance
County and applicable towns should collectively contract with a water
analysis consultant on an as needed basis to review proposed water plans
for proposed development, to augment review services currently provided
for some projects by the Colorado Division of Water Resources.
4.3.2. Objective: DEVELOP COOPERATIVE LAND USE AND WATER PLANNING.
POLICIES THAT ADDRESS FUTURE .GROWTH, WATER SUPPLY
AND STREAM FLOW PROTECTION
During the citizen participation process for this plan, major concerns came to light that 1)
growth. in the watershed should be based on water availability and other natural and
man-made -threstrotds,--and -2) current -rates of growth-can-tot-be-supported without
degrading aquatic habitat, :recreation, and the aesthetic value of the Eagle River and its
major tributaries unless steps are taken to reduce water demand or increase water supply.
23
Recommended Actions:
1. Review/Develop Master Plan Policies Specific to Water Issues of
Supply; Demand and Capacity
The County and Towns should' act on the citizen recommendation
(obtained through public input) that planning efforts (e.g. Eagle County
Master Plan, Town Master Plans) should provide specific
recommendations for directing growth and development based on critical
natural and man-made thresholds, particularly water availability. For
example the Eagle River Assembly Phase I Report indicates that if
build-out (rhakimum development based on current zoning) occurs in the
Eagle River watershed that the frequency of instream deficits will
increase. Planning efforts providing guidance for future growth should
recognize-and -specifically address that there are three basic alternatives tc
manage new growth from a water quantity viewpoint:
1) -Increase capacity for growth: Water management techniques
(water storage, conservation, pump back systems) must be
implemented;
OR
2) Don't increase capacity for growth: permit development only if it
does not significantly degrade stream flows or aquatic habitat or if
a significant public benefit is achieved (i.e. affordable housing);
3) Take no action: Take no action to manage water resources and
no action to manage growth. This will result in increased stream
flow deficits and aquatic habitat-will be degraded.
The critical issue is that decision makers- and the public understand the
consequences of a policy direction.
2. Adopt a Local Position on Augmentation Plans
Colorado water law allows "water augmentation" as a means to allow
diversion of water by a junior water right when this junior right would
otherwise be out-of-priority and unable to divert water. An
---augmentation plan typically replaces-for -aug merits-)--the amount of water
consumed by a junior water right with water -from a reservoir, or with
water previously used for another purpose such as irrigation. By replacing
the amount of water consumed, the amount of water available to senior
downstream water rights (such as the Shoshone and Cameo water rights
24
on the Colorado River) is not diminished.
In the Eagle River Watershed, augmentation is most commonly filed for
from Green Mountain Reservoir in the Blue River watershed in Summit
County.. An augmentation plan filed on.Gre_ en Mountain Reservoir grants
the legal right to withdraw water from the Eagle River watershed and
replenish with water that flows into the Colorado River rather than the
Eagle River. This technique, while legal, deprives the Eagle River of water
flow and consequently effects the frequency of instream flow deficits, the
dilution factors for water quality, aquatic habitat and other aspects.
Local entities should adopt the position that water augmentation plans
must directly benefit the instream flows in the Eagle River watershed and
urge legal decision makers and CWCB, to support that local position.
Additionally, local development approvals 'should be made on the
condition that deliverable water exists which does not reduce instream
flows at any time of the year. Discussions with the CWCB on water
augmentation plans could help develop local criteria for development,
approval.
3. Encourage Consolidation of Special Districts
Encourage consolidation of Special Districts where there is an economic
benefit to consolidation and service levels can be maintained or enhanced.
Through the development process, discourage the proliferation of small
service districts. Do not approve the creation of new districts when
services,are available from an existing district.
4. Work with Front Range Communities
Area water interests should continue dialogue with the front range
communities so that there is clear communication on any proposed
diversion projects and use of conditional water rights.. This pro-active
approach may, eliminate conflicts and costly, legal proceedings in regard to
diversion proposals.
4.3.3. Objective: ELIMINATE INSTREAM FLOW DEFICITS
Stream flows currently drop below minimum instream flow standards due to natural cycles
and human inffoences:-As the county-continues to-devel p,- such -deficits will likely,
increase in frequency. The recommended approach to addressing the stream flow issue is
to first determine the, optimal flow of water needed in the Eagle River and it's tributaries
during different times of the year, and evaluate the following recommended actions to
determine the best local approach to obtain an optimal flow while still complying with
:r F
25
Colorado Water Law.
Recommended Actions:
1. Implement Water Conservation Measures
Every effort should be taken to first implement conservation measures to
encourage responsible use of local water resources. Significant
information exists from the water authorities on water usage which could
aid in creating a' conservation program. Several of the water districts in
Eagle County have already implemented water conservation programs to
address capacity issues with water delivery and treatment. Local entities
should build on this success and determine how to implement and expand
water conservation throughout the Eagle River watershed. Conservation
efforts can_be fashioned so that they conserve water and preserve water
rights. For example, water saved through conservation can be donated to
the C.WCB for a specified period and retrieved later when needed_ to
accommodate future growth. More information on the issue of water
conservation is being compiled by the Bureau of Reclamation to look at
issues such as instream flows and other items. That is titled :Guidelines
and Criteria for Evaluating Water Conservation Plans. Several specific
ideas to examine in improving water conservation efforts include:
a) providing water audits on buildings and residences so that cost
effective conservation measures can be suggested to property
owners.
b) develop educational materials to improve water conservation
on irrigation and golf courses.
c) encourage the use of "recycled" or "gray water" (i.e.
domestically Used-but untreated water) systems for landscaping
and golf course irrigation. Incentives for these type of systems are
usually rising cost and availability of raw or treated water supply.
d) determine whether County and local building codes should be
modified to require water conservation devices.
e) cost-share with water authorities to hire a water
conservation specialist to assist residential, commercial, and
agricultural water users to improve conservation techniques.
f) Encourage appropriate users to use recycled water where feasible
2. Investigate Growth Management Tools
Growth management tools can balance the rate of growth with natural
26
and man-made carrying capacities and community values. The following
are recommended methods to investigate:
a) Evaluate all proposals involving water use (development,
upzoning, snowmaking operations, etc.) on whether they contribute
to minimum instream flow deficits (or optimal flow when
established). Area decision-makers should be informed during the
development review process if the project is expected to create
deficits without adequate mitigation (e.g. "wet water".delivered to
the Eagle River) so that decisions can be made with a full
understanding of the impacts and benefits.
b) Buy development rights or property through local open space
funds to reduce the rate of in-basin water consumption
c) Grant water taps or building permits in increments based on
estimated water supply thresholds (e.g., waste water treatment
capacity or point at which diversions increase the frequency of
instream flow deficits) or adopted land use policies for growth.
3. Investigate Storage and Engineering Solutions
Investigate the following storage and engineering solutions to reduce the
frequency of stream flow deficits and augment supply:
a) It is recognized that some form of storage may be needed to
protect and enhance stream flows during low flow periods. A
reservoir or several small reservoirs could provide additional "water
storage for the Eagle River watershed. A reservoir proposal would
need to carefully evaluate the environmental impacts (positive and
negative), evaluate hydrologic impacts to the Eagle River, examine
the socio-economic pros and cons, and provide a long-term
solution for water usage in the Eagle River watershed. The cost for
a reservoir ranges from 51,500 'to $8,000 per acre foot of yield
(release) and can take a considerable amount of time to design,
receive permits and build. Reservoir development must be
addressed through specific proposals that are subject to the
appropriate federal, state and local governmental processes at the
time they, are formally proposed. Reservoirs may also have
potential recreational benefits.
b) Pump back systems, such-as between Dowd Junction and Vail,
can help increase flows in between diversion and return flow
points. While useful in specific areas, they are not a
watershed-wide solution for improving flows. Environmental-
27
impacts to air quality and from increased water temperatures would
need to be addressed with any proposal.
c) Return flows for domestic use should be located in close
proximity to diversions.
d) -When legally possible, require consumptive uses such as golf
course and snow making operations to incorporate storage in the
golf course and snow making operations to mitigate the impacts of
their seasonal withdrawals.
Aff-AW
28
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3
CHAPTER 5: WATER QUALITY
5.1 OVERVIEW OF WATER QUALITY ISSUES AND OBJECTIVES
Several water quality issues and concerns were identified and discussed during the
planning process:
Water Quality Issues:
Water Quality Monitoring and Funding Not Coordinated
Public Information and Education Lacking
Runoff Associated-with Land Use/Water Quality Impacts Increasing
Drinking Water Quality Protection Needs to be Maintained
Water Quality Linkage'to Water Quantity Critical
Water Augmentation Plans and Instream Flow Needs Conflict ,
In response to the identified issues and concerns, and in support of the goals for the Plan,
the following objectives and recommended implementation, actions were developed:
Water Quality Objectives:
1. Coordinate Water Quality Programs
2. Create'Stronger Linkage Between Water Quality and Water Quantity'
Planning
3. Minimize Water Quality Impacts from- Runoff Associated with Various
Land Uses
5.2 BACKGROUND
Based on citizen comments through public meetings, written material, and surveys,-the,
public perceives many threats to the river. Generally speaking, water quality in the Eagle
River and its tributaries meet or exceed the state water quality standards for agricultural
and domestic uses, the protection of aquatic life and recreation uses. However, water
quality in certain segments of the Eagle River is negatively, impacted by natural causes as
well as human activities including: agricultural practices, construction activities, hazardous
materials spills, mining, road sanding, recreation, urban stormwater and snowmelt runoff,
water diversions, and wastewater treatment plant discharge.
Most of the development in the watershed (as in most mountainous areas) occurs along
valley bottoms in fairly close proximity to water features. As the watershed becomes
30
more developed, specific actions to protect water quality will be necessary. Improving
water quality in degraded areas of the watershed will require even more effort. '
Examples of Eagle River and Tributary Water Quality Issues
Dissolved Solids, Salt Concentrations, Nutrients
A study sponsored by the Town of Vail found that in Gore Creek, dissolved solids,
conductivity, and nutrient concentrations have gotten worse between 1979 and 1991,
due to development in the Vail area. The table below lists some of the parameters, that
have increased thareby decreasing water quality.
Table 3. Sample of Water Quality Trends
Parameter
1979
1991
% Change
Dissolved Solids (milligrams per liter)
178
192
+8%
Salt Concentrations (conductivity measured in
microhms)
270
305
+13%
Nutrients (ex: Phosphorus)
0.18
0.26
+44%
These trends are most likely also occurring around all the urbanizing areas of the Eagle
River watershed. Further degradation of water quality from stormwater runoff could occur,
in all areas subject to development unless mitigating steps are taken.
Metals
Although metal concentrations in the Eagle River downstream of the Eagle Mine have
significantly improved, fish and aquatic insects are still impacted by mine discharges as far,
down as Edwards. For example, the water quality standard for zinc to protect aquatic life
is approximately. 0.12 milligrams per liter (mg/la, while levels in the Eagle River below
Cross Creek were as high as 0.52 mg/I on February 21, 1995.
'Increased Temperature
Lower in the Eagle River, from Edwards to Wolcott, and from, Eagle to Gypsum, fish have
died periodically of furunculosis, but this and other diseases have impacts of such
magnitude only when the fish are already stressed due to due to poor water quality,
increased water temperature in part from loss of stream side shading, and habitat
disturbance and destruction. These fish kills have been documented by the Division of
Wildlife.
31
Natural Sediments
A significant source of sediment, which smothers aquatic life, comes from the Milk, Alkali,
and Ute Creek drainages. This is due to the highly erosive "sediments and steep-slopes
which are easily washed into the creeks during spring snowmelt and runoff from rain
storms. This area (approximately 63 square miles ) is also estimated to contribute 2,600
tons of salt to the Colorado River each year.
Land Use Impacts on Water Quality
Nutrie,it (nitrogen and phosphorus) increases promote algal blooms which are unsightly
and can lead to fish kills. Trout are extremely sensitive to un-ionized ammonia (one form
of nitrogen), and will die when exposed to levels above 0.02 mg/I. Other nutrients can
rob the water of dissolved oxygen, leading to suffocation of aquatic life. Nutrient sources
include lawn fertilizers, septic systems, and eroding soils. There are numerous mitigating
measures which can be used to reduce nutrient inputs to water bodies, including: better
education on application of fertilizers; erosion control techniques; stormwater quality
improvement projects; land use setbacks; protection of wetlands; and septic system
inspection and maintenance.
Increases in sediment in the water increase turbidity, increase water treatment costs,
smother aquatic insects which serve as fish food, destroy fish spawning areas, and
decrease oxygen concentrations. Increased turbidity also decreases the ability of fish to
find prey, further stressing them. Sediment comes from construction sites, road sanding,
grazing, agricultural and logging activities, and naturally erosive soils. Sediment loads to ,
the streams can be reduced by erosion control practices, maintenance of a healthy riparian
area, decreased road sanding through the use of alternative de-icers and increased street
sweeping, maintenance of stormwater runoff at historical rates, stream bank stabilization,
r
etc.
Many metals, petroleum products, and pesticides are to to aquatic life. High metals
concentrations in drinking water are also a health risk and water treatment costs escalate
when metals removal is necessary. These pollutants can enter the aquatic environment
from urban land uses through stormwater runoff. Metal pollutants in stormwater include
zinc, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, and lead. It was estimated in the previously
cited Vail study that approximately 1,700 pounds of zinc enter Gore Creek from the Vail
area (the non-urban "background" contribution was 12 pounds). These stormwater metals
come mainly from vehicles, but also come from litter and other sources. Mine drainage
and natural deposits of highly mineralized soils also contribute to the metals found in the
Eagle River.
32
T
}
tJ
aS.~
4 1'j,
Implementation.
5. Develop Wellhead Protection Programs to Protect Drinking Water
As a preventative measure, develop p wellhead protection program to
protect drinking water quality from pollution of the water source. The
State of Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
administers a voluntary- program for wellhead protection programs that
local communities can implement to protect their groundwater and surface
water resources.
5.3.2. Objective: CREATE STRONGER LINKAGE BETWEEN WATER QUALITY AND
WATER QUANTITY PLANNING
In-basin water quantity is limited, and further depletions will impact in-stream water
quality, therefore water quantity "enhancement" actions should be implemented.
Recommended Action:
1. See Chapter 4: Water Quantity for specific actions related to improving
water quantity in the watershed.
5.3.3. Objective: MINIMIZE WATER QUALITY IMPACTS FROM RUNOFF
ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS LAND USES
Recommended Actions:
1. Implement Appropriate Best Management Practices
Water quality impacts from various land uses can be minimized through
the use of "Best Management Practices" (BMPs). Appropriate BMPs.can
be implemented throughout'the Eagle River watershed to reduce the water
quality impacts associated with increasing urbanization. It should be
stressed that natural approaches such as maintaining vegetative. cover and
maintaining the riparian vegetation are usually more effective -and less
costly than structural improvements.
BMP recommendations should be looked upon as a list of "tools", each of.
which can be used to address specific issues or sites. They should not be
expected to be appropriate or work in all circumstances and may be either]
short term or long term actions. Implementation can either be voluntary,
34
5.3. WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
5.3.1 Objective: COORDINATE WATER QUALITY PROGRAMS
Recommended Actions.
1. Inventory and Coordinate Water Quality Monitoring Efforts
.
Coordinate individual agencies' water quality monitoring to identify
purpos-es'and Iona term goals, areas for potential cooperation between
agencies,, and other monitoring efforts. Organization is needed to assess
existing water quality and trends throughout the watershed. 'A
mechanism needs to be established in Eagle County for continued
watershed planning and management:
2. Apply for Water Quality Program Funding
Funding for water quality monitoring and Water quality :improvement
projects are available, but limited, and coordinated efforts and planning
will make for more effective utilization of existing funds.
3. Determine Local Water Quality Plan Needs and Draft a Model Plan
Some communities have municipal- stormwater management plans
currently (Avon, Vail). Other communities should be evaluated to
determine the necessity of producing similar or possibly expanded plans to
correct existing problems or in anticipation of future growth.. This action
could involve the creation of a model ordinance or plan that each
community customizes to meet their needs. The Avon and Vail
ordinances could be used as examples. The Northwest Colorado Council
of Governments (NWCCOG) Quantity and Quality'Program is also an
important resource for this action. The model plan or analysis should
include information on standards, public education, an inventory of
existing local and regional programs, and applicable state and federal
regulations. By adopting similar water quality, plans on a local level, there
is also greater likelihood that mitigation and enforcement will be dealt with
consistently.
4. Develop Public Information Program about Local Water Quality
The public should be better informed on water quality issues in, the
watershed particularly regarding drinking water, how different land uses
impact water quality, what individuals can do to,protect/enhance water
quality, who are major consumers of water and potential major polluters.
Information on water quality could be disseminated in several ways such
as the "State of the Water" report that is described in Chapter 3: Plan
~ r
33
or through local planning and zoning processes, through local regulations,
and through development of water quality projects.
The following list describes BMPs that address the items such as 1) Water
Quality Management and Monitoring, 2) Household and Citizen
Involvement, 3) Development and Construction, 4) Transportation and
Parking Lots, 5) Individual Sewage Disposal Systems, 6) Gravel Mining, 7)
Agricultural Uses, 8) Logging, 9) Recreation
Many of .the following BMPs are the same or similar to recommendations
found in other Plan chapters but are included to illustrate the relationship
of water quality to land use, water quantity, etc.
Suggested Water Quality Management and Monitoring BMPs:
1. Develop municipal stormwater management plans. The Town of Vail has a plan which could be used as
a model for communities in the watershed.
2. Monitor storage of toxic materials throughout the basin by local emergency service and environmental
health agencies.
3. Identify and research physical stream enhancement projects (stream-side tree planting, in-stream aeration
structures, stream side sediment control structures, stream bank erosion control, stream channel
modification, etc.) for implementation on private or public lands.
4. Ensure that analysis of potential water development projects consider water quality standards,
particularly in regards to stream flows and wastewater discharges.
5. Require runoff filters and drainage plans to be in continually working order, e.g. Vail parking structures,
church parking lots, the airport, etc., and make semi-annual inspection as part of enforcement plan outlinec
in Chapter 6: Land Use.
6. Locally track the activities at the Eagle Mine Superfund site, including mine .seepage and possibility of
blow-out. Request a semi-annual community briefing by the EPA and State on the status of the clean-up
which should continue until the area has been declared reclaimed. Water quality monitoring has shown t
the Eagle Mine and other= mihes still contribute pollutants to the watershed. Information on the clean-up
status is available from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment.
7. Trade lands, obtain easements or work with land trust and governmental agencies to obtain appropriate
riparian areas, in order to better manage and protect them. A prioritized acquisition list would be a useful
tool. -
8. Develop wetlands protection program to enhance existing regulations. This would include language
related to the draining of wetlands and potentially the identification of the important wetlands within the
watershed.
9. Educate appropriate industrial and commercial businesses about the new "Minimal Discharge General
35
Permit" issued by the Colorado Water Quality Control Division.
10. Investigate methods for cooling wastewater before it enters the river so as not to adversely affect river
water temperatures and the aquatic environment.
Suggested Household Best Management Practices
1. Pass and enforce pet waste ,ordinances in urban areas.
2. Provide a convenient mechanism for citizens to dispose of household hazardous materials in an
environmentally sound manner.
3. Develop a Public Information Program that addresses the impact on water quality from the misuse of
fertilizers and pesticides (see Chapter 3: Plan Implementation).
Suggested Development and Construction BMP's:
1. Enforce erosion' and sediment control requirements for construction sites. Performance bonds, a common
method, are proposed as a means of ensuring that erosion control plans are implemented. Erosion and
sediment control plans should include but not be limited to:
'Disturbance management and revegetation plan
'Timing of disturbance
'Area controls (limiting area of disturbance at any one time)
`Soil stabilization during disturbance
`Site monitoring -and maintenance during disturbance
'Post disturbance monitoring
2. Ensure that developers obtain and comply with state requirement for Stormwater Permits for construction
activities on areas greater than 5 acres in size. It is recommended that local governments exceed state
standards and require permits for areas under 5 acres, particularly if a_ public project.
3. Discourage soil disturbance on slopes greater than 20-25 degrees. Revegetation and site reclamation.on
steeper, slopes is usually not or moderately successful. If soil disturbance is allowed, require a mitigation
plan to minimize soil losses and a bond to insure revegetation success.
4.. Encourage jurisdictions to consider regulations for adequate riparian area "Buffer Zone" requirements.
Within "Buffer Zone" do not allow: soil disturbance, vegetative disturbance (other than minimal pruning _of
shrubs), lawn mowing, fertilizers and pesticides (with the exception of weed management where
necessary). Include residential, commercial, golf course, recreational areas (see Chapter 8: Land Use).
5. - Encourage storm water detention and water quality enhancement facilities for all developments and
include maintenance provisions.
6. Encourage use of constructed wetlands to enhance stormwater and snowmelt runoff water quality.
7. Prohibit direct discharge of stormwater from developed.areas to lakes, streams and wetlands. Require
stormwater runoff be treated (detention ponds, constructed wetlands, infiltration, grassy swales, etc.) prior
to, discharging to streams or river.
36 i
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8. Reduce the amount of impervious surfaces to ensure groundwater recharge and decrease flooding
concerns. Encourage disconnecting impervious surfaces to allow ground water recharge and vegetative
filtering. "
9. Encourage the use of grass swales and pores pavement where appropriate.
10. Encourage stormwater infiltration facilities where appropriate due to impervious surface concerns.
11. Require that developments maintain pre-development hydrologic conditions through engineering
solutions.
12. Enr 6urage cluster development (easier to provide stormwater quality improvement).
13. Discourage industrial uses or commercial land uses that involve hazardous materials from land adjacent
the river or streams.
14. Golf Courses should include a manual of water quality best management practices in their submittal for
approvals. Golf courses must include features to prevent run-off into adjacent water features through the
use of berms, *retention, filters, groundwater recharge, etc. Review of plans for golf courses may
necessitate a fee for outside professional evaluation of the BMP and drainage plan. Fees could also be
assessed by the town of county to hire annual inspection services of the golf course management activity
unless local governmental time and expertise is available (see Chapter 8: Land Use).
15. Encourage the preservation of natural drainage ways.
16. Require development plans to address proper weed and pest controls (see Agricultural BMPs below for
more information).
Suggested Transportation and Parking Lot BMPs:
1. Discourage/Relocate public/private snow storage areas from land adjacent to water features and install
sedimentation or filtration systems at snow storage sites.
2. Apply the local building setback to parking lots as well and require a drainage plan that prevents direct
runoff into water features such as streams and wetlands.
3. Discourage construction of new roads along water sources such as creeks and river.' Discourage
widening of existing roads unless a drainage plan can be developed that deflects drainage away from the
adjacent water feature.
4. With CDOT, Southern Pacific Railroad, County and towns, review transportation practices to determine
which ones contribute to non-point source pollution and can be locally/regionally altered. Some of these
areas might include Vail Pass, the railroad area in Minturn, the interchanges in Vail, drainage culverts and
bridges throughout the county.
5. Seek assistance from CDOT, county and municipalities for testing of alternative, more environmentally
sound practices on selected sections of road in Eagle County.
6: Examine need for- road sand collection program.
37
Suggested Individual Sewage Disposal System Administration BMP's:
1. Address impacts of septic system impacts to ground and surface water quality by:
*Increasing minimum size standard for eligible lots for septic and increase minimum
standard for distance from streams or wetlands;
*Septic design engineers must prove that groundwater and adjacent surface water will
not be impacted;
'Encourage the logical extension of sewer lines. Clarify distances for required
connection to existing sewer service lines or thresholds for when a public sanitary sewer
is required;
'Establish a wellhead protection program in the County Land Use Regulations
2. Insert requirement for maintenance of individual sewage disposal systems (septic systems) into local
septic regulations.
Suggested Gravel Mining BMP's:
1. To supportstate laws and provide local policy direction, implement specific gravel mining standards that
could include: 'Limits on percentage of site disturbance
*No disturbance of wetland/riparian vegetation areas or any other identified sensitive
area, without proper mitigation
'Buffers from river
!On-site detention
`Limits on life span
'Acceptable levels of traffic impact and mitigation
'Reclamation plans to completely restore native vegetation (or better) that include
supplemental irrigation for plant establishment
2. Enforce wastewater discharge permits for gravel mining operations and encourage citizen reporting of
potential violations (see Public Information and Education 3.3.2).
3. Encourage gravel retrieval along the Eagle River or tributary valleys in areas where development that will
require site disturbance is approved or expected and acceptable.
Suggested Agricultural Uses on Public or Private Land BMPs:
1. Work with farmers and ranchers to determine if -agriculture-is impacting any particular location along
Eagle County streams (Ag. is exempt from nationwide permit process) and develop a list of possible stream
or bank enhancement projects that could be pursued with willing landowners. To inventory impacts-of
agriculture on water features, convene meeting with all area ranchers to discuss problems with riparian
impacts and what help they need to control those impacts. Initiate as joint effort with NRCS, BLM and
USFS.
2. Manage livestock grazing on public land that features highly erosive soils, such as Milk, Ute, Muddy and
Alkali Creek drainages, to maintain or improve vegetative cover on the uplands and riparian areas.
3. Decisions as to limitations and management of agricultural chemicals should be based on preparation of
carefully designed pest control and- nutrient management plans reflecting integrated approaches to pest
control and detailed soil testing and plant analyses. Work with the Natural Resource Conservation Service
and Soil Conservation District to develop appropriate vegetative management plans. This is appropriate for
38
all land uses.
4. Encourage fencing, herding and/or other appropriate means to prevent livestock from concentrating in
riparian areas which have been degraded. Promote livestock watering projects outside of riparian areas
through grant proposals. Encourage limited livestock access to degraded riparian areas and encourage
projects designed to minimize water quality impacts.
5. Review, impacts of agricultural practices on water quality in local areas under USFS and BLM jurisdiction.
Work with USFS and BLM to revise/develop standards for water quality protection (and provide proper
enforcement mechanisms) Ir their management documents.
6. Encourage appropriate "setbacks" from streams and wetlands to allow vegetative filtering of sediment,
fertilizers, fecal material, etc. in return flows and stormwater runoff.
7. Develop guidelines for determination of proper livestock use and carrying capacity for all proposed
developments that will allow livestock (typically horses).
Suggested Logging on Public or Private Lands BMPs:
1. Work with the local Forest Service Ranger District to encourage best Management Practices during
timber harvesting,to reduce potential for erosion and improve public information process. Specific
recommended actions include:
• Review of current erosion control methods for maximum effectiveness;
• Possible revision of those erosion control methods;
• Review of necessity for road building or other timbering associated activities or
practices that reduce the forest cover and cause erosion; and
• Development of a public information process that includes posting the timber sale with
informative signs that describe the action being taken and reasons why (i.e. bark beetle
kill, etc.) and distribution of information to local media for public information.
• Review possibility for road closures in areas not actively being used and impacting
water quality.
• Review of stream side and wetland setbacks requirements in order to protect riparian
vegetation and promote vegetative filtering of sediment, fertilizers, fecal material, etc. in
stormwater runoff.
` Work with USFS and BLM to revise/develop standards for water quality protection
(and provide proper enforcement mechanisms) in their management documents.
Suggested Recreation BMP's (see also Chapter 7: Recreation):
1. Keep constructed trails out of riparian areas, but if area is heavily used, provide a developed trail to
concentrate impacts.
2. Provide toilets and trash receptacles in areas of high recreation use (e.g. parking areas to serve adjacent
streams, boat launch areas; high fishing use areas).
3. Develop, implement; where necessary, travel management restrictions on public land off-road areas
where erosive soils are present (USFS, BLM). Enforcement of these restrictions is also necessary:
4. Review public access areas for site hardening and erosion due to overuse or poor access. Develop
program for appropriate site improvements.
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CHAPTER 6: !WILDLIFE
6.1. OVERVIEW OF WILDLIFE ISSUES AND OBJECTIVES
Several wildlife issues and concerns were identified and discussed during the planning
process:
Wildlife Issues:.
Possibly in-sufficient instream flows for fish and wildlife
Maintenance of quality aquatic habitat
Poor water quality due to pollutants and sediment
Diminishing riparian habitat
Lack of wildlife solitude during critical times
In response to the identified issues and concerns, and in- support of the goals for the Plan,
the following objectives were developed:
Wildlife Objectives:
1. Improve Aquatic Habitat and Productivity of the Fishery
2. Maintain and Increase Riparian Habitat
3. Minimize Wildlife Disturbance during Critical Times of the Year
6.2. BACKGROUND
Public Opinion
In a statistically valid survey done in 1993, Eagle County asked a question, "What makes
the quality of life so high in Eagle County?" 'One of the too reasons people said that they
enjoyed living in the area was because of the abundance and visibility of wildlife. A
majority of the wildlife in the Eagle Valley use, at least at some time of the year, the
habitat associated with the Eagle River or one of its tributaries.
Eagle River Watershed-Habitat Attributes
The Eagle River basin is a fairly unique river system. Of river systems in northern
industrialized nations less than 25% of the major river systems flow freely. The Colorado
River is the most affected system in North America. The Colorado's waters have 'been
41
manipulated by damming and diverting and have caused "highly fragmented " populations
of species living in and around the riven (Dynesius and Nilsson, 1994). In-stream
manipulations are not the only cause of fragmentation. Manipulations of the habitat
surrounding the rivers also create impacts.
The area influenced by the high water table including the banks of the river and the
adjacent vegetation are defined as riparian ecosystems. Riparian ecosystems constitute
one of the most limited (in terms of land area covered) yet species rich ecosystems in
Colorado. This ecosystem serves a variety of functions including water storage; aquifer
recharge and discharge, streambank protection, biological filters,and aid -in reducing flood
water impacts, and as ah,area used for many recreational activities. Of Colorado's
approximately 1000 species of wildlife, over 500 of these utilize or occupy riparian
ecosystems ( Colorado Division of Wildlife, 1992 In Eagle County, an inventory has
shown that at least 250 species are currently residing or utilizing the riparian areas. The
riparian areas along the Eagle River provide important wildlife habitats, migration corridors,.
breeding, nesting, fawning, and calving areas.
Riparian ecosystems are one of the most important and sensitive of all habitat types.
Eagle County lands are comprised of 80.3% state and federal public lands and 19.7%
private holdings ( Eagle County Master Plan, 1994 It is estimated that 90% of riparian
ecosystems adjacent to the Eagle River are on privately owned property.
Habitat Loss or Degradation
75% of the species in the Colorado River basin, of which the Eagle River watershed is a
part, are listed as by either the federal or state government as endangered, threatened or
at risk. In Colorado we lose 1.7 % of mule deer range per year ( Walmo,et al, 1981), an(
in Eagle County, estimates are that up to 40% of deer winter range has been lost. Most
of this lost habitat has been adjacent to the Eagle River or tributaries. Development,
industry, agriculture, and recreation have all contributed to the loss of riparian and
floodplain areas or reduced water quantity and quality.
' Housing developments are often found directly adjacent to
riparian areas. These sites are sought after for aesthetics and tranquility. Also these.
lying areas are usually adjacent to transportation and utility corridors.
Along with the development of property comes the
developments of roads, for every mile of Interstate . (e.g. 1-70) built 45 acres of land are
used, for every mile of rural highway (e.g. Highway 6) 12 acres of land are used and for
every rural-mite-of-road-built (e.g. county roadsr7-acm-ofi.land -are --used (Walmo,et al,
1981
* Industry in the form of mining and manufacturing has also
impacted the Eagle River. The Eagle mine in Gilman has been and continues to be a -
42
source of heavy metal discharge into the river. Viacom International, Inc. monies are.
being used to clean up the site and rectify the problem of the discharges with some
degree of success. Superfund monies have been used to determine environmental impacts
to the river, and negotiate additional clean-up requirements.
Agricultural water rights, even_ though they are adjudicated and
on a state priority based system can at times severely deplete the river's tributaries
because of the consumptive nature and traditional style of irrigating by flooding fields.
Flood irrigation often has a positive effect on late summer stream flows because the un-
consumed irrigation water often percolates into the streams later in the growing season.
Livestock use riparian areas for feeding, resting, and as travel Lanes, thus increasing the
impacts to soil and vegetation (Behnke, R. J. 1978).
* Recreation impacts may be more subtle and less understood but
include littering, soil compaction, loss of vegetative cover, site development, disruption,
harassment of wildlife, and loss of habitat.
Wildlife Use Patterns
Some species of wildlife use the riparian area year round,, these include mammals,
amphibians, reptiles, crustaceans, birds, invertebrates, and fish. Other wildlife may use
the area only seasonally fora variety of purposes such as migrating from their summer/fall
range to wintering areas, or for breeding and rearing their young, as the Great Blue Herons
do at the rookery located across the river from Eagle River Estates in Gypsum. Bald
Eagles, Golden Eagles and many other raptors use the area for wintering, roosting _and
hunting areas.
Elk and deer usually calve and fawn within 400 feet of free flowing water usually on
slopes. with heavy vegetation, on the edge of an ecotone with a wide open field of view
Thomas, J. W. et al., 1982 In the Eagle Valley these areas are usually on or near the
tributaries of the Eagle River.
Other wildlife,that have been sighted in the riparian areas of the Eagle River include
Greater Sandhill Cranes, moose, White Pelicans, Trumpeter Swans, Whooping Cranes,
otter, beaver, mink, fox, weasel, marmots, rabbits, squirrels, muskrats and many species
of songbirds. A complete list of wildlife using the watershed riparian areas is available at
Division of Wildlife offices ( Colorado Division of Wildlife, 1982
Fishery Characteristics
The Eagle River is and has been a good cold water fishery but is not considered a "great"
fishery. There are a number of reasons why the river does not excel in fish productivity:
43
I
* Historically and presently there are times of the year when the river is
running below minimum in-stream flows. This can cause a variety of
problems for a fishery, including increasing water temperatures, which in
turn stresses the fish, making them susceptible to diseases and parasites.
During the past few years the Eagle River has had fish die-offs (or "fish
kills") during the low water times, most typically in the during the
summer. The cause of the die-offs has been diagnosed as the disease
furuncuiosis. Furuncuiosis is a fungus infecting fish during times of
stress. The low flow rates during the winter create a problem of limiting
over-wintering habitat for the fish. The Eagle River does not have
abundant, deep pools where fish -can sur.ive the winter.
* There is also a problem with sedimentation during the spring run-offs or
after a strong rainstorm ("gully washers") The sediment during the spring
buries any eggs that may have been laid thus preventing hatching. The
sediment also covers potential spawning areas and many invertebrates
thus restricting reproduction and decreasing food supplies. Drainages
including Milk, Muddy, Alkali and Ute creeks are the main problem areas.
The geological make-up of these areas, with unstable sparsely vegetated
soils, steep slopes, and highly erosive soils are the major cause for of the
sedimentation. Where the banks of the river in areas are without
vegetation erosion adds to the sedimentation problem.
* Pollution from heavy metals plays a part in poor fish productivity in the
upper Eagle River below Gilman. Runoff from golf courses, parking areas,
roads, adjacent lands may greatly impact fish productivity and survival.
* Diversions and culverts also can impair a fishery by creating barriers to
fish movements and migrations.
The Eagle River has been stocked with Rainbow and Cutthroat trout at several locations
supplement or replace natural reproduction of the fishery. Rainbow and Brown trout are
the two dominant trout species found in the river. Brook and Cutthroat trout are also
present as are several types of suckers, chubs, whitefish and sculpin. Many of the.
privately owned ponds (e.g. gravel pits) next to the river are now stocked with a variety
species including large and small mouth bass, sunfish, perch, and catfish. These other
species may impact the long term survivability of the trout.
Gore Creek is currently rated as a "Gold Medal" fishery below Red Sandstone Creek. The
designatio n- requires -a-ce rta in level-of-fish prod uctivity-vvi•thin a given area. Considering
the obstacles noted above regarding the river, it remains to be seen if the Eagle River can
achieve and maintain that status: It certainly is a worthwhile target and ties into the
objective of improving the fishery outlined below.
44
6.3. WILDLIFE OBJECTIVES AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
6.3.1. Objective: IMPROVE AQUATIC HABITAT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE
FISHERY
Recommended Actions:
(also see Water Quantity and Water Quality chapters)
1. Implement Measures to Protect and Improve Water Quality and
Quantity
Most of the following actions are also described in Chapter 4: Water
Quantity and Chapter 5: Water Quality. They are listed here to illustrate
how critical water quantity and quality are to a healthy aquatic habitat
and cold-water fishery.
1. Determine and Maintain Optimum Water Flow Levels
Instream flows fall below minimum levels at certain times of the
year. The minimum flows established by the Colorado Water
Conservation Board- may not be sufficient to maintain the fishery
during certain times of the year. Optimum stream flows, need to be
identified .and management plans made to match the target
amounts. The first course of action is to work with the. CWCB and
the CDOW to evaluate the local minimum stream flow calculations
to determine the defensibility and adequacy based on scientific
principles. Determine if minimum flows are appropriate or require
adjustment to more accurately reflect the natural hydrological
cycle. Identify all major and minor water user's in the watershed,
note diversions and consumptive uses.
2. Implement' Engineering Solutions
Promote engineering solutions which increase the flexibility of a
sharing/distributing water among various providers and provide
water augmentation during low flow periods of the year.
3. Acquire Water Rights
Purchase or enter other agreements for water rights to ensure
optimum flows.
4. Implement Town and Water District Conservation Programs
5. Require "Wet Water". for Development
45
r
Require that all development proposals prove availability of water
rights and water supply (without dependence on augmentation)
rather than availability of water rights only.
6. Monitor Water Flows
Request that appropriate agencies place additional gauges on the
river to determine flows. Local entities could cost share.
7. Monitor Water Quality
Regularly monitor the river and tributaries for pollutants and
contaminants and temperature.
8. Control Urban Run-Off
Develop and implement local policies and regulations to control
urban run-off and prevent direct drainage into rivers, streams, and
riparian areas.
9. Continue Mine Clean-Up
Monitor continued clean-up of the Eagle mine in Gilman to
determine if pollutants (heavy metals) are continuing to decrease.
10. Develop Convenient Household Toxic Waste Disposal Sites
Provide an area where residents can dump household
toxic materials (motor oils, paints,etc.).
11. -Manage Natural Sediments Loads
Specifically implement (resurrect) a program to control the sediment
load from the Milk, Muddy, an Alkali drainages that may include:
sediment catch basins or other sediment catching structure;
revegetation of the areas where soil and topography allow; monitor
grazing to determine impacts on vegetative structure and soil
stability; -limitations on off-road vehicle use to lessen soil
disturbance
2. Implement Habitat Improvement Projects
Projects could be jointly undertaken by the CDOW, towns, county, and
the local fishing organizations. Habitat improvements could include:
* Bank stabilization with willows or other native vegetation that
-will provide cover, thermat protection; and a-source of food to the
fishery;
t Placement of structures-or larger rocks in the water for cover an
hiding may be beneficial assuming the armoring of the riverbed is
not disturbed; -
U T..
46
• Placement of gravel beds for spawning;
Plant native vegetation along -theriver and in the adjacent
uplands to serve as a natural biological filter and a sediment trap.
Erosioncontrol, river channel modification, drop structure
coordination between .local agencies
• Insuring that culvert installation will allow for the free movement
of fish will all be beneficial;
3. Support Efforts to Prevent Spread of Infectious Disease to Local Fish
Populations
Whirling Disease is currently an issue in Colorado waters. Every effort
should be/made locally to control the spread of the disease into the Eagle
River watershed. This may include lobbying the appropriate state officials
to not stock local waters with infected fish, participation in monitoring
and other activities.
4. Review/Revise Fishing Bag Limits and Regulations
If fishing use of, the Eagle River continues to increase and the fishery
cannot support the increased pressure, revising bag limits and restricting
wading during spawning are two potential protection methods that could
be implemented to maintain a healthy aquatic ecosystem.
5. Review/Revise Drainage and Transportation Regulations
Insure that local and state drainage and transportation'standards are
"wildlife friendly" for river and creek valleys. For example, culverts can
become a barrier to fish passage. An inventory of existing problem areas
needs to be completed as the initial phase of this project.
6.3.2. Objective: MAINTAIN AND INCREASE RIPARIAN HABITAT
Recommended Actions:
(see also Water Quality, Recreation and Land Use chapters)
1. Inventory Riparian Zones and Habitat Boundaries
Conduct an inventory of all riparian, wetland and floodplain zones of the
Eagle River and the tributaries to determine the habitat type and variety,
---condtion arid- productivity, need for revegetation-and/or stabilization. First
priority would be the main stem of the Eagle and then the major -
tributaries facing the potential for the most development pressure.
Include a standard for revegetation and stabilization in the study. Site
specific analysis would be necessary in all cases dealing with
47
2. Acquire Riparian Lands
Trade and/or purchase' lands to acquire riparian areas.
3. Implement Stream Buffer Standards
Require a river or creek "buffer zone" -where vegetation and soil must
remain undisturbed and intact to protect- the riparian habitat. Enhancement
of the native vegetation should occur if historic use has degraded the
riparian habitat. Work with private developers to create developments that
have the least impacts on the riparian habitat (such as clustering, housing)
and set aside riparian areas as open space. (see Chapter 8: Land Use)..
4. Preserve Wildlife Corridors to Riparian Areas
Require that wildlife corridors to riparian areas be maintained as open
space and that the natural vegetation in the corridors remains unchanged
and undisturbed.
5. Develop or Improve Appropriate Access
Identify areas for development of access, ingress, and egress points
which will minimize impacts to the riparian habitat.
6. Implement Habitat Improvement Projects
See above recommended actions under previous objective.
7. Request Mitigation Trust Funds
Mitigation trust funds should be pursued as a method of obtaining funds
to purchase riparian habitat. The funds should be based on a local
formula.
8. Manage Noxious Weeds in Riparian Areas
Identify riparian areas that have noxious weed encroachments and
administer management.
9.. Manage Livestock in Riparian Areas
Fence areas where vegetation is being disturbed by livestock to promote
restoration. Ranchers should use best management practices to allow
livestock to obtain water but fence livestock out of riparian areas where
disturbance is occurring, to promote restoration.
6.3.3. Objective: MINIMIZE WILDLIFE DISTURBANCE DURING CRITICAL TIMES OF
THE YEAR
48
Recommended Actions:
1. Restrict Access into Critical Watershed Areas
Restrict or prohibit human use in critical habitats during critical times of
the year (e.g. seasonal closures on areas being used by elk for calving,
closures on areas where sage grouse are strutting, etc.). CDOW and the
USFS can advise local regulators of private land and the regional
managers of the public lands about the areas of concern. Actions could
be implemented through public education and signs, physical closures and
monitoring by volunteers or wildlife staff. Restrictions for critical areas
may require partial or complete closure for a specified period of time _(e.g.
May 1 to June 1 or from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. daily) and to all or some uses
(e.g. bikes, foot travel), and all or some types of travel (depending on the
area (e.g. foot only, vehicle only, etc.).
2. Monitor Critical Areas
,Monitor sites to see if restrictions are negating the impacts of the human
- activities.
3. Provide Buffer Zones
Provide a "buffer zone" between human land development, recreation,
etc. and wildlife activities. Buffer zones can be a vegetative barrier
between wildlife and humans or in some cases simply leaving enough
distance between humans and wildlife. Viewing of wildlife should be
done from the perimeter of the buffer zone. This can be implemented by
local governments as setbacks or open space and by federal agencies
through use restrictions and education.
4. Designate Watchable Wildlife Sites
Designate watchable wildlife sites to promote awareness and respect for
wildlife.
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CHAPTER 7: RECREATION
7.1 OVERVIEW OF RECREATION ISSUES AND OBJECTIVES
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Several recreation issues and concerns were identified and discussed during the planning
process, including:
Recreation Issues:
Dramatic Increases in Use and 'Areas of Overcrowding_
Identification of a Finite Carrying Capacity
Protection of Recreational Quality Experience
Fisheries Protection
Trespass on Private Land
Appropriate Access and Amount
Economic Importance of Eagle River Watershed Recreation
In response to the identified issues and concerns, and in support of the purpose, vision and
goals of the Plan, the following objectives were developed:
Recreation Objectives:
1. Determine Recreational Carrying Capacity or Limits 'of Acceptable Change
2. Determine the Condition of the Fishery
3. Review and Improve Existing Fishing and Boating Regulations and
Information
4.• Improve and Create Appropriate Public Access for Recreation
7.2 BACKGROUND
The Eagle River and its tributaries support a wide range of recreational opportunities and the
number of residents and visitors taking advantage of these opportunities increases
dramatically each year. The Eagle River watershed has become a premier year round resort
area, as well as an increasingly desirable place to live for those who enjoy the recreational
amenities. The- Eagle River experiences the most use of all the waterways in the Watershed,
providing "close to home" recreation options for local residents,- business opportunity for local
fishing and boating guide companies and a range of activities for the visitor to choose -from.
51
Recreational Activities
Fishing, rafting, and kayaking are the most popular activities on the Eagle River and it's major
tributary Gore Creek, but many other activities near or adjacent to local creeks and the river
are enjoyed by local residents and visitors such as hiking, biking, wildlife watching, camping,
hunting, cross country and downhill skiing, golf, rock climbing, sledding, snowmobiling_ ,
picnicking, jeeping, horseback riding, and berry picking.
Use Levels and Quality of Experience
Overuse for recreation is one of the primary issues facing the Eagle Fiver watershed. During
the public' participation process for this plan, most people indicated that they felt the River is
not too crowded yet, but has the potential in the future.
With sound management and determination of an appropriate "carrying capacity", we can
avoid the types of problems facing other heavily used rivers in Colorado. Carrying capacity i
defined as "the number (amount)- and type of use an area can accommodate without altering
either the 'environment or the user's experience beyond a degree of change deemed accepta
by the management objective." A careful balance must be found between management and
another public concern, that of potential "aver-regulation" of recreation uses.
To a large degree; the feeling and perception of solitude_ is often an essential aspect of a
quality recreational experience. This is particularly true for fishing, hiking, wildlife viewing,
rafting, and kayaking. The Eagle River Corridor from Minturn to Gypsum is becoming
increasingly urban, particularly in the Vail-Avon-Edwards area. This makes the sense of
solitude and the perception of overcrowding worse.
The areas which are still rural in nature also tend to be largely private, with access granted t
permission only: As a result, the few areas that are on public lands tend to be overused. TI
CDOW leases some significant tracts for fishing access, however there is no guarantee that
these areas will remain available in the future, as some of the leases are not in perpetuity.
Conflicts between recreational uses along the river are minimal at this time, especially since
most rafting and kayaking occurs in the early summer when the river is too high and muddy
for good fishing. Inevitably, though, as use by all recreational activities increases, so does t
potential for conflicts.
Fishing
Fishing on the-fagt- Rivevand its- tributaries has seen-&amatic-growth -over the past few
years. The style of fishing is also changing as fly fishing grows in popularity, and with it,
increased use of guides and commercial outfitters. The general growth and accompanying
development in Eagle County along the river corridor has also had an impact on the quality
fishing. Conflicts between commercial guides and individuals are increasing, as are other
4
52
problems involving fishing style (bait vs. fly fishing), bag limits and enforcement, catch and
release fishing and the quality of the aquatic habitat.
It is important to note, that the CDOW considers the Eagle River to be only "good" fishing, not
"great" (See Chapter-6: Wildlife for information). For this reason some of the management
strategies used on "Gold Medal" fisheries are not appropriate in this area, with the exception
of Gore Creek between Red -Sandstone and the Eagle River. Another important consideration
is the way people fish. The CDOW found in a survey of 400 fisherman statewide, 50% use a
combination-of flies, lures and bait, 25% use bait only, 13%-use flies and lures only, and only
126/6 use flies only. Although these numbers are probably different in Eagle County because
of.local interest and clientele utilizing guide services; it is safe to'assurne that a significant
number of fishermen along the Eagle and its tributaries enjoy fishing with bait and lures, as
well as flies.
Appropriate Public Access
As recreational use of the river and its tributaries grows, increased and improved public access
will be needed. Recreational use should be encouraged at improved existing or new access
points to alleviate pressure on the few well known and heavily used sites while also being
sensitive to the riparian and, aquatic environment and to the needs and rights- of the adjacent
private land owners.
Most of the land adjacent to the Eagle River is privately owned. On the River and the
tributaries, public access generally occurs where there is adjacent public land. On, private
lands,. public access for recreation use of the River and its tributaries has been granted
through some private developments but in other cases, public access has been eliminated or
impaired by development or by the increase in use of what used to be access points that were
always private but allowed some use until it become a problem because of overuse or abuse.
Improving existing access sites, or creating new ones where possible, is intended to reduce
the amount of trespass incidents in addition to generally dispersing use.
Recreation Use Statistics
The BLM monitors river floater user days each year between Minturn and Gypsum, and-the
statistics below help illustrate one aspect of the tremendous recreation growth on the Eagle
River. The figures in the following table illustrate the commercial recreation use-of the Eagle
River by permitted fishing and rafting companies and as well as private use (which is harder to
determine accurately). These figures clearly show that recreation use of the Eagle River has
increased dramatically in recent years.
53
Table 4. Recreation Use Statistics
Year ,
Permitted
Commercial Outfitters
Commercial Use
Private Use
Total Use .
1988
7 - -
2,945
440
3,385
1989,
10
3,453
520
3,973
1990
11
7,951
1,190
9,131
1991
13
11,388
1,710
13,098
1992
14
8,734
1,310
10,044
1993
19
15.255
2,290
17,545
19940
25
7,182
1,100
8,282
.,o w
e.•• .,ems. ,o ••ti:
,.ti .~,~*e:"':,a~.
-
Economic Impacts of Eagle River, Watershed Recreation
The economic_ impact of rafting in the community can be estimated using the results of a.
1991 survey done by the Colorado River Outfitters Association (CROA). The study estimate
$169 was spent on average by each person per 'raft day, This number includes the seconda
economic impact of rafting such as lodging, transportation, clothing, and dining costs. Usin
the above figures, this means approximately $1,300,000 spent by people rafting on the Eag
River in 1991 during the approximate six week long rafting season. Rafting revenues
statewide have been growing at an average 12.7% per year and activity on the Eagle River
seems to be testimony to that growth as it is among the eight most popular commercial rive
runs in the state.
Similarly, the CDOW estimated sportsman expenditures on fishing in 1991 statewide to be
$920,411,800 and it is accurate to assume that a portion of those dollars must have been
spent in Eagle County. A 1989 CDOW study titled Colorado Wildlife. Impact Model estimat
direct fishing expenditures in Eagle County of $7,642,000. This figure does not reflect
secondary expenditures. Current or complete figures for commercial and private fishing
activity in the watershed are not readily available but collection and analysis of that
information is an action recommended by this plan.
7.3 RECREATION OBJECTIVES AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
7.3.1. Objective: DETERMINE RECREATIONAL CARRYING CAPACITY TO PROTECT
RESOURCES AND QUALITY OF THE RECREATIONAL EXPERIENCE
E`0N-
54
Recommended Actions:
1. Cooperatively Initiate Carrying Capacity Study
Determining the recreational Carrying Capacity is essential before any major
management decisions regarding recreation are made. A cooperative effort
between the BLM, USFS, CDOW, Eagle County and Towns should:
1. Study the current situation, monitoring use levels by all
recreational activities.
2. vetermine what recreational preferences are, and establish what
impacts they may be having.
3. Establish the Carrying Capacity and. Limits of Acceptable- Change
(LAC) appropriate within the watershed. The carrying capacity
should address the physical, ecological, and social capacities of the
river and the existing recreational facilities. It is recommended that
the agencies use LAC to determine the desirable conditions for the.
Eagle Watershed, and not base decisions on simply 'how much use
the watershed can tolerate. (See References for USFS Manual for
Establishing Limits of Acceptable Change and Glossary for further
definition of Carrying Capacity).
4. Consider the economic impact of enforcing these limits when
making a determination.
5. Create an interagency monitoring group that includes local
citizens and recreation outfitters to accurately gauge recreation
growth and recognize problems as they arise (also see Chapter 3:
Implementation). The heavily used recreation section of the Arkansas
River has been designated a State Park and is regulated through a
cooperative system between state and federal agencies.
7.3.2. Objective: DETERMINE THE CONDITION OF THE FISHERY
Recommended Action:
--1- Cooperatively Study Fishery- Conditions
As stated above in "Carrying Capacity," a detailed study of the exact
condition of the fishery and limits of acceptable change must be done to
assist management in making sound decisions. This study should occur
prior to, or concurrently with, the above effort and examine the state of the
55
Eam
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fishery in terms of the aquatic wildlife and the impacts of increased fishing
pressure, development and may include creel census, user surveys, fish
counts, habitat inventories, etc., After thresholds are set, fishing quality can
be maintained largely by implementing recommended actions listed in the
Water Quality, Quantity, Wildlife, and Land. Use chapters.
7.3.3. Objective: REVIEW, REVISE AND IMPROVE EXISTING FISHING AND BOATING
INFORMATION AND REGULATIONS
Once the carrying capacity or limits of acceptable change have been established, restriction on
commercial rafting and fishing outfitters may have to be implemented by the BLM, USFS and
CDOW.
Recommended Actions:
1. 'Develop Recreational Maps for Public
Create a detailed recreation map or maps providing information in order to
promote-safety and understanding of the river and tributaries, and protect
riparian areas, and other sensitive environmental areas, disperse users and
direct them to areas which can tolerate higher levels of use, reduce
trespass, and ensure use of proper access points.
The following topics should be addressed:
River and Tributary Public Access for Fishing/Boating/General Use
t Navigation assistance and hazard, identification
' Explanation of river ethics
* Identification of Sensitive Environmental Areas'
The map(s) should be a cooperative effort between the agencies managing
the land and. those promoting tourism, and distributed free or for a small fee
at information booths, hotels, shops, and access facilities. (also see Land
Use chapter)
2. Review/Revise Fishing and Boating Regulations
The Fishery Conditions Study should follow review of the current-CDOW
regulations governing the watershed. Improved environmental conditions in
the aquatic and riparian habitats do not necessarily mean an improvement in
recreational fishing. Stricter.regulations may be required in some areas,
---where as other areas may be-eased: --Some-ortions-of the Eagle River may
need such designations as "fly fishing--catch and release only", while
allowing bait and spin fishing in other areas. The Arrowhead CDOW lease
currently has this designation. The CDOW may also need to improve
enforcement of bag limits and regulations.
56
Real restriction of commercial outfitters would involve a change in
jurisdiction along the River, as commercial outfitters currently are not
permitted by a government land management agency if they only use
private land to launch and take-out. Private users could also be permitted
to control amount of use and ensure a basic knowledge level. A "fee for
use" could also be implemented for private use that could help fund
management programs. Regulatory revisions or actions, of any type should
be carefully considered and should not be implemented without sound
justification.
7.3.4. Objective: IMPROVE AND CREATE APPROPRIATE PUBLIC ACCESS FOR
RECREATION
This purpose of this objective is to improve public access points that exist now and gradually,
add new access points, where appropriate, to accommodate growing demand.
The objective i s not to provide unlimited public access to every tributary-and all along the
Eagle River, Many areas adjacent to the river and tributaries are privately owned and public
access is not permitted,. or there are riparian, wetlands or floodplain areas that are sensitive
disturbance and are not appropriate as public access sites.
Recommended Actions:
1. Improve Existing Public Access Sites
This action would involve evaluation of all the existing access points
available to the public to determine if they are meeting the demand for bo.,
launching, fishing trails, parking, trash collection, etc. Improved and
maintained facilities will help reduce the impression of overcrowding by
reducing litter, reducing the amount of time that large groups are at a
particular access points, and improve the overall recreation experience.
(existing access sites are depicted on the map at the end of this chapter)
While there are several improved access sites, such as the BLM campgro
near Wolcott and the County Fairgrounds in Eagle, there are several
locations, particularly along the Eagle River, where the public gains acces
to -the- river but there are no improvements to accommodate the use or th
terms of use are not clear: Examples of this type of access point are the
~--State-Land -Board properties at Dowd-.hmctivn-(icnown as Cliffside or Riv(
Ru-n) and at, Squaw Creek. Some of the "un=official" access points may t
appropriate for improvement and others may be unsuitable for access
because of safety, trespass or environmental conflicts. The following
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inventory of access sites identifies several "un-official" access sites that
are in need of improvement or in some cases, relocation.
2. Create Appropriate New Public Access Sites
There are several areas where it would be desirable to create additional
public access-to the Eagle River and tributaries. For example, there are
relatively few public access points available in the area between Vail and
Edwards, which is the most densely:-populated portion of the watershed.
As another example, establishment of -9 public access site for Gilman Gorge
would reduce the trespass problems onto the Eagle -Mine property, By
creating appropriate new access points, recreators can be dispersed along
the river and tributary corridors, thereby spreading out use pressure and
improving the quality of the experience.. Leases, easements and purchase
when funds allow, should be pursued.
3. Implement River Access Improvement Guidelines
This action recommends improvement guidelines for both existing and new,
proposed access sites.
1. Preserve site character, using environmentally sensitive site
selection and facility construction techniques. While dispersion of
access will ease crowding, within the access points themselves every
effort should be made to concentrate and mitigate impacts. The
riparian zone should be preserved using guidelines outlined in Chapter
6: Wildlife and Chapter 8: Land Use. Stabilize stream banks
wherever possible with structures or re-vegetation.
2. Site selection and facilities should be designed for access by the
physically challenged wherever possible. (See Yampa Valley
Recreation Plan-Barrier Free Requirements referenced).
3. Provide appropriate road surfacing and parking, at major river
access points, while being sensitive to environmental impacts.
4. Provide restroom facilities at major river access points. Consider
the use of composting/desiccating toilets. Maintain all facilities to
meet health and safety standards.
5. Minimize existing navigation hazards to insure safe and passable
- ---boat-chutes. Developers- and-governmental agencies must be
required to consult with white water specialists before building or
allowing structures in, under, or over the river.
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6. Improved signing will help reduce trespass on private land and
disperse users to public access points. The BLM currently has a
minimal signs management strategy to control overuse of access
sites, but this can be reconsidered.
8. Implement and enforce seasonal recreation closures, particularly
on the tributaries, in areas where wildlife calving, spawning, erosion
problems and trail or land restoration exist. (also see Chapter 6:
Wildlife).
9. Set camp sites back from the river a minimum of 100', with 150
setback the optimal goal. Camping should only be allowed at
designated sites along the Eagle River, and sites should be carefully
monitored by the USFS and BLM and closed for repair/revegetation
necessary.
10. Support implementation of local trails plans, particularly for
segments that provide access to the river or tributaries. All trails
should' be constructed outside of the riparian zones or sensitive ar
except where no other reasonable option exists in order to link
segments together. If trails are constructed within the riparian
corridor, do not pave or widen to over 3' in width. If an area is
already heavily used, a trail should be developed to concentrate
impacts.
11. All access points to the Eagle- River and the tributaries should
monitored by agencies managing them to see that their "carrying
capacities" are not being exceeded, and seek alternative access
points or modifications before they become overused.
12. Guidelines for the management of sites should be followed by
managing entities: federal, state and local.
4. Preserve or Create Access through Land Development (see also Chap
8: Land Use) Through the local development processes and where
appropriate, request easements for public access to the river or tributary.
Location and necessity of access in conjunction with land development
needs to be carefully reviewed. Other items to consider:
1. Place easements where there would be minimal or no impact to
riparian or sensitive areas.
59
t j_
2. The recommended easement width is 25' adjacent to the river, at
least on one side, wherever possible; with the exception of sensitive
areas and other areas identified through subsequent mapping actions
of this Plan as inappropriate for public use access.
3. Soft surface footpaths (no wider than. 3 feet/no bicycles allowed)
should be constructed as part. of easement conditions to, direct the
impacts of foot traffic. Construction responsibility will need to be
determined by the parties involved.
4. Connecting access of a width that accommodates the type of,
access permitted should be provided to the nearest public roadway or
bike trail/path.
5. Easements should allow for travel on dry ground as opposed to an
easement that lays entirely in the river or tributary.
6. Implement protective measures for buffers, design standards, etc.
as,suggested in Chapter 8:.. Land. Use as an means of
preserving/promoting quality recreation experiences.
7.4. INVENTORY OF ACCESS SITES AND RECOMMENDED .ACTIONS
The following sites, both existing and proposed, are listed in general order of priority as either
new sites that need to be established or as existing sites that need improvement.
Within this inventory, there are several opportunities for the towns, County, local commercial
outfitters, and federal land management agencies to partnership and accomplish the shared
goal of appropriate, improved public access.
This inventory is organized by geographic areas: Vail/Red Cliff/Minturn/Eagle-Vail,
Avon/Edwards/Wolcott, Eagle/Gypsum/Dotsero area.
Vail/Red Cliff/Minturn/Eagle-Vail
Dowd Chute - USFS building to Avon
The white water be4ween-M nturn and Avon is becoming very. popular-€eFrafting and kayaking. -.There are
currently no adequate facilities to handle this use, which will increase dramatically in the future. The USFS is
considering improving the boating access across from Meadow Mountain and is urged to make those
improvements using all guidelines listed above (see River Access Improvement Guidelines).
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One of the primary takeout points for Dowd Chute is at the entrance to the River Run Condos - available for
public use because it is on State Land Board land and is under a CDOW lease (continuation of this lease is not
guaranteed in the future). This site is inadequate for heavy raft and kayak use, having very little parking, no
boat ramp or restroom facilities. This site is also the put-in site for boaters for the less challenging downstream
stretch through Eagle-Vail and Avon.
An adequate access facility is essential in this area. Possible sites for developed boat access points are the
State Department, of Transportation land in Eagle-Vail, the CDOW leased land near River Run, under the 1-70
bridge just past Eagle-Vail, and the US West Building at Stone Creek. There is also access to the river in Avon
on Vail Associates land on. the southwest side of "Bob" the Bridge. There is a road to the river, but no restroom
or trash disposal facilities. It is also on private land with no guarantee of continued access availability in the
future, therefore a developed site in the Avon area is also desirable.
Gilman Gorge
No public access currently exists in this area. The Gilman Gorge has the potential for providing a number of
recreational opportunities such as advanced rafting and kayaking, rock climbing, fishing, hiking, picnicking and
historic sites. Many public comments have concentrated on this area, as people know of the recreational, value
and have had to trespass to use this area.
Eagle County and the USFS should pursue acquiring access in and out of the Gilman Gorge for both land and
on-water use from the private land owners (primarily the railroad and the mines). The optimal access points
would be somewhere around both the Red Cliff Bridge and Tigiwon Road. Continuing efforts to clear' up the
river in this area should be monitored and encouraged.
Gore Creek: Ford Park-Confluence Park
During the citizen participation process, there was a comment that it would be nice to provide raft and kayak p
in and takeout facilities at Ford Park. Most kayakers gain access to Gore Creek at the East Vail exit or on the
golf course and take out downstream, generally where any bridge crosses the stream. A creek access in this
area should be considered if funds become available, as there is adequate parking and fairly easy access to the
creek. There is a new park site owned by the Town-of Vail at the confluence of Gore Creek and the Eagle Rive
that is being developed in conjunction with the Town of Vail. bike path to Dowd Junction. This park site will
function as a rest stop, provides access to the creek and river for fishing but will not feature a boat access area
Eagle River Parks in Red Cliff, Mintum and Eagle-Vail
The Town of Red Cliff has conceptual plans to improve some land adjacent to the Eagle River for a picnic area
and general access.
Minturn has constructed two riverside parks, one near the cemetery and one near Eagle Street. A town/regior
open space park at the southern end of town at Bolt's Lake adjacent to the Eagle River is being pursued. Due
it's regional potential, there may be several potential improvements and partnerships opportunities at this
proposed park site. Another potential site for a river park is in the downtown area as part of the redevelopmen
of the Southern Pacific rail yard which is expected to occur eventually.
In Eagle-Vail, the inventory of available site along the river is small but there are some parcels that are current)
undeveloped that could-be explored as possible access to the river for fishing, boating and the general enjoym
of area residents.
61
Avon/Edwards/Wolcott Area
Wolcott Bridge
This is another important access point to the Eagle River on BLM land for boating and fishing, above Trestle
Rapids. It is also a dangerous place, with limited access between the river and Highway 6 across from the
,Wolcott Store. The BLM is looking into acquiring the current Colorado Department of Transportation site near
the railroad trestle west of Wolcott. They hope to develop this site after the Department of Transportation
moves out. The rest of the land in this area is privately owned, so this would be a good site to purchase land or
acquire easement rights.
Lake Creek Apartments and the Squaw Creek State Land Board. Parcel
Access along this considerable stretch of river is open mthe public at this time and is important for many
recreational activities. Public access was granted along the river as part of Lake Creek Apartments development.
A bike path has been constructed separate from but parallel to the river for the length of the project. The Squaw
Creek Waste Water Treatment plant provides a principal put in and take out point for boaters, and with the
CDOW acquisition of the Squaw Creek Parcel lease approximately one and a half miles of river has been opened
to the public for fishing and other recreational activities. The State Land Board owns the land downstream from
the Treatment plant and the continuation of the CDOW lease is by no means certain. Eagle County has
expressed an interest in purchasing this land for recreation and open space purposes and is trying to find funding
for this purchase. Any improved/acquired access in this area is very desirable. The Squaw Creek stretch of
water should be studied further a candidate for catch-and-release or "fly fishing only" status.
Eagle River Parks in Avon, Edwards and Wolcott
In Avon, a park along the river providing public access would complement the thriving town center that is being
created. A trail along the river the length of Avon is proposed and would tie into the proposed.County trails plan
at either end of town. Pedestrian/bicycle access could be provided to a potential park via this trail.
In the Edwards area, potential community park sites include the State Rest Area or acquisition of one of the
several private parcels that still remain in the area, such as the Brett Ranch. Berry Creek Ranch 5th filing
provides considerable open space but no access to the river. With the development of the Miller Ranch by the
School District, opportunities may exist for a partnership to create a river park in the area of the school.
In Wolcott, all of the land in the "community center" is privately owned. Opportunities may exist for purchase or
lease of a potential river park, possibly 'in conjunction with the Wolcott Bridge launch site discussed above. BLM
lands upstream may offer another option for a community park site.
Edwards Area Easements
A 15' public access easement was granted through Old Edwards Estates on the north side of the river. Public
parking does not exist except for streets in the subdivision and this easement involves being off of the bank and
in the water most of the season. The easement is not well known and crosses private lots:
Avon Area and Easements
A 50' public access easement was granted through River Forge development east of Avon. It is a relatively
short section of river and a relatively unknown easement but available to the public. Another access exists at
the McGrady acres subdivision west of Nottingham Ranch Road. The boat access site at "Bob" the bridge was
previously described under Dowd Chutes. Access has been recently obtained through the development' process
62
east and west of the bridge in the form of bicycle paths and a fisherman's path. Additionally, several stretches
of the river through the west portion of town have been obtained as flood easements and open space.
Arrowhead and Miller Ranch
Access to the stretch of river along the Arrowhead at Vail development is likely to improve since the public
school district has purchased Miller Ranch for a school site and there is river frontage included in that parcel.
Access is impaired somewhat by the railroad tracks but there may be opportunities to create safe access to the
river front.
A public access easement exists along the Eagle River through portions of the Arrowhead development and is
accessed via the "public park" at the west end of the development but is not well known. Arrowhead has
designated this section of river "fly fishing only" through a lease with the CDOW that strictly stipulates limits of
number of people, hours of use and requires a reservation. A connection from the Arrowhead park site and
school property.
Access in this area should be carefully planed (see River Site Management guidelines above) and considered
monitored to prevent overuse.
Beaver Creek
The lower section of Beaver Creek is highly developed and recreation opportunities are primarily golf, hiking and
biking. It is a high profile area, Iike,Vail, and receives extensive recreational use. The upper part of Beaver
Creek extends into the Holy Cross Wilderness area has potential for many recreational opportunities. Public
access to this major tributary needs to be protected and possibly expanded.
BLM Campground in Wolcott
This site is west of Wolcott and has been recently improved by the BLM, providing a gravel parking area and
restroom facilities. The site provides both takeout and put in access for boaters and access off the highway f
fishing on BLM land. Unfortunately, trespass on Denver Water Board land to the east commonly occurs. It is
also a favorite site for rock climbers, as is the railroad trestle area to the east (located on private land). Becau
it is already developed, it should be listed on the recreation map as a major recreation point, and monitored an
improved as use is increased. Camping between the access road and the river.
BLM access sites between Edwards and Wolcott
BLM river access sites in this area that should be monitored and improved if necessary to handle increased
include the Bellyache site and the Bocco Cabin Site. All BLM sites except Wolcott Campground should be
use only since these other sites lack facilities.
Lake Creek and Squaw Creek
Both of these tributaries flow through a considerable amount of private property which is being developed at
time. They are also valuable recreational corridors for hiking, biking and fishing and should be protected for
continued public recreation uses wherever possible through improvement of facilities and appropriate access
points. .
63
Ute, Alkali, Muddy and Milk Creeks
These tributaries flow into the river from the north near Wolcott and the land along them is a mix of private
ranches, large acreage home sites, BLM and USFS property. The upper reaches of these tributaries are
important areas for camping, hiking, hunting and wildlife watching. The headwaters of Milk and Alkali Creeks
are within a ELM Wilderness Study Area which encompasses Castle Peak. There are numerous camp sites on
the BLM and USFS properties, however none are developed campground areas. These areas, should be
monitored to determine need for future improvements
Other Tributaries
The tribe*aries of McCoy and Buck Creeks (a USFS trailhead has been recently secured at Buck Creek), were
identified during the public process as being threatened with elimination of public access and should be
monitored.
Eagle/Gypsum/Dotsero
Eagle River Parks in Eagle, Gypsum and Dotsero
In Eagle, Chambers Park currently provides access to the Eagle River and as a highway rest area; is used by
travelers as well as local residents. Access to the river is also possible at the Eagle County Fairgrounds in Eagle.
Both of these sites provide parking, restroom and trash disposal facilities which are adequate at this time, but
should be carefully monitored. Access for fishing and other activities exists at both sites and for about a mile
downstream from the Fairgrounds on the north side of the river. Float trips for both fishing and for drifting along
a relatively undeveloped stretch of the river can be attractive from this point. Through the current effort to
master plan the Eagle County Fairgrounds, fishing, walking, and scenic viewing should be incorporated into the
plan. Public input indicates that this area has tremendous potential, particularly in regard to the river access and
scenery. An access easement along the river in east Eagle was recently obtained through dev"elopmen"t of the
Eagle Villas apartment project. The project also includes a public park on the river. A soft footpath may be
warranted along the waterline to concentrate impacts.
In Gypsum, there are no developed public access sites on the river currently within the Town of Gypsum. There
are undeveloped parcels of land along the River through Gypsum that could be acquired to provide a Town Park
that includes public access to the Eagle River. Gypsum Ponds State Wildlife Area provides an access site for
Gypsum residents as do the Eagle River Estates easements, both described below.
In Dotsero, there are several opportunities to create river parks both on the Eagle River and Colorado river as
there are several undeveloped private parcels remaining in the area. There is a BLM site east of Dotsero that
could be improved. Near the confluence of the Eagle and Colorado, there are several small lakes created by
gravel mining in the area that could be turned into an amenity for the local and regional population as well as
draw travelers from the interstate.
East of Eagle to Red Canyon
A Colorado Division of Wildlife fishing lease. east of Eagle runs for approximately six miles along the north side of
the river. People moving to fish south of the river centerline are trespassing on the Diamond S Ranch and
64
trespass is frequent to get to the easement from Highway 6. Numerous pullouts exist along Highway 6
throughout this stretch to either access the fishing lease or BLM land near Red Canyon. Consolidation of access
points and parking should be considered and an effort made to control trespass. There are no improved areas
however, for restroom and trash disposal facilities, but they should be considered as use of this area increases.
There is some. private land which breaks up this stretch at about the mid-point and east of the rock quarry. This
is an area where development could jeopardize access to the river in the future and easements should be
requested. The Canyonwoods subdivision at the edge of Red Canyon includes a 30' access easement at the rea
of each lot but it remains to be seen, as use increases, how private lot owners will, accommodate use. This
entire section of river will need continued monitoring and action.
BLM access sites between Wolcr-!t and Dotsero, including Gypsum Campground
Sites in this area that should be monitored and improved if necessary to handle increased use, include the Red
Canyon site near Eagle, Community and Horse Pasture sites near Gypsum and the Lava Flow site near'Dotsero.
Day use only should be allowed at all BLM sites except Gypsum Campground. No camping should be allowed in
Red Canyon on the BLM land on the north bank of the river because of sanitation problems per the BLM.
Gypsum Ponds State Wildlife Area
This is an important piece of the river for fishing , hunting and other recreational and wildlife activities. It is
owned and maintained by the Division of Wildlife. No boat ramp will be developed at this site by the DOW.
Gypsum Area Easements
A public access easement is granted along the north bank of the river through the length of the Eagle Estates
subdivision. Generally 20' wide but travels through private lots where access sometimes inhibited. Informal
access through Wallboard plant property to CDOW Gypsum Ponds wildlife area.
Brush Creek-and Gypsum Creek
Both of these major tributaries traverse land that is largely rural and agricultural in nature while providing
considerable recreational opportunities. The headwaters of both creeks lie in USFS land, while the lower-
stretches are largely private. The Sylvan Lake State Recreation Area is on West Brush south of Eagle. Fishing,
hiking, biking, horseback riding, wildlife watching, camping and hunting are.important in these areas and draw
considerable number of people from outside Eagle County for these activities. These are areas in which
recreational opportunities could be jeopardized by development plans. They are the last major tributaries of the
Eagle River which still have a pre-resort economy character and any development should take into consideratior
the potential effects on current recreational activities in balance with those that might be gained.
Other Tributaries
The tributaries of Eby, Salt and Bruce Creeks, located in this area, were identified during the public process as
being threatened with elimination of public access and should be monitored.
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65
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CHAPTER 8: LAND USE
8.1. OVERVIEW OF LAND USE ISSUES AND OBJECTIVES
Several land use issues and concerns were identified and discussed during the planning
process:
Land-Use Issues:
Lack of coordinated planning oetween governments and agencies to
addresses watershed issues
Inconsistent or ineffective regulations
Public concern about approving more development than the water supply
can accommodate
Lack of coordination to improve access and protect open space or sensitive
areas along the rivers and tributaries.
In response-to the identified issues and concerns, and in 'support of the goals for the Plan, the
following objectives were developed:
Land Use Objectives:
1. Coordinate and Improve Watershed Planning and Planning Tools
2. Protect Sensitive Lands, Open Space and Appropriate Access
8.2 BACKGROUND
Impacts of Land Use on the Watershed
Human land use in the Eagle River watershed is the major influence on the overall health and
condition of the watershed. Local and regional land uses have impacted 1) the quantity of
water through human demand for residential, commercial and industrial development,, 2) the
quality of water through additions of chemical and organic substances to the water from
direct sources such as mines and indirect sources such as urban run-off, 3) wildlife, habitat _
that is adjacent to water features, and access to water sources that has been removed or
blocked, 4) recreational, opportunities that depend on a minimum quantity and quality of water
or access availability, and 5) the aesthetic quality of the water features which are often
obscured or encroached upon by land uses.
67
Population Growth
Through the early 1990's, Eagle County was ranked as the third fastest growing population it
the state. In many ways,. Eagle County is becoming an urban county. The bulk of the private
land in the County is located in the river and tributary valley bottoms and the majority of the
population lives along the Eagle River and its largest tributary Gore Creek. This presents an
image of a very dense and developed area: Development to accommodate the needs and
desires of the growing population, both in Eagle County and on the front range, has affected
the watershed in many ways, some of which were described above.
The following table illustrates the relative,y rapid rate of growth in Eagle County.
Table 5. Comparative Population Figures
Area
1980
1990
%change
2000'
%change*
Eagle County
13,320
21,928
+39.3%
32,474
+32.5%
Regional
121,062
142,302
+14.9%
189,790
+25%
State
2,889,735
3,294,394
+12.3' %
4,018,309
+ 113%
Source: Colorado Division of Local Government, December 1994. Region pertains to Northwest Colorado Council of
Governments Region which includes the counties of Clear Creek. Eagle, Garfield, Gilpin, Grand, Jackson, Lake, Moffat. Park,
Pitkin, Rio Blanco, Routt and Summit. 'Projected population and change.
Land Use Patterns in the Watershed
Communities typically develop adjacent to waterways for a variety of reasons, including
transportation, water supply for domestic, agricultural and industrial needs, and because of
appealing vegetation and scenery that usually is adjacent to rivers.
In the Eagle River watershed, all of the Towns are located along the Eagle River or it's major
tributaries.' The land use pattern is very linear, responding to the rivers and streams that also
generally define the route of the railroad line, the Interstate and Highway 6. The distances
between communities are shrinking as development -fills in the river and tributary valleys.:
Common Goals but Inconsistent Regulations
Each town and the County have responded differently to the river over the years as demonst
by the type of adjacent land uses that have been permitted and by the number and type of ri
or creekside amenities that- have been provided. Steadily,-tJ-a-;iveF-system is gaining more
recognition as a community asset and more attention,is being focused on what types of adja
land uses are appropriate and what type of amenities should be pursued. A common element
each of the Town Master Plans and the County Master Plan, is the identification of the Eagle
River and it's tributaries as a community asset that should be protected. -
68
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In terms of regulations, inconsistencies between town and County stream setback standards
regulations were identified during the planning process, in addition to other ineffective or deficient
land use practices and regulations. The following table illustrates the inconsistencies between
Town and County development setback regulations from rivers and streams.
Table 6. Existing Town and County Stream Setbacks:
,1
Red Cliff
0' or floodplain
Minturn
30' from high water mark
Vail
50' from center-line of stream
Avon
30' from high water mark
Eagle
50' from high water mark
Gypsum
0' or floodplain
Unincorporated
Eagle County
50' from high water mark
8.3. LAND. USE OBJECTIVES AND RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
8.3.1. Objective: COORDINATE AND IMPROVE WATERSHED PLANNING AND PLANNING
TOOLS
During the planning process it was discovered that many citizens and government
representatives felt they did not have: 1) a comprehensive ,understanding of the watershed
system and the balance between human activities and the health of the watershed, 2) a
comprehensive understanding or knowledge of all the pertinent state and federal agencies or
regulations regarding watershed features, 3) enough information sharing occurring between
local, state, and federal levels and coordinated administration of regulations and management
plans,- 4) information sources that present a comprehensive picture of the watershed resources;
and 5) enforcement tools or personnel.
The establishment of an Eagle River Watershed Committee, as outlined in the implementation
chapter is a key step towards coordinated planning for watershed issues.
.-Recommended Actions:
1. Create Comprehensive Watershed Maps
Create a set of maps that detail access, land uses, transportation features,
sensitive and open lands as follows: -
69
s ~
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r
Land Uses:
* areas suitable for gravel extraction adjacent to river/streams
* areas where severe disturbance has been caused by grazing or other agricultura
practices
* parcel boundaries
* parcel ownership
* private and public open space
• roads and trails
jurisdictional boundaries
° federal lands under consideration for disposal or exchange (after. the current
Land Adjustment Processes that include public input are-completed)
' zoning districts,
° existing land uses
existing densities
° golf courses
existing and proposed snow dumps
' stormwater discharge areas
' existing and proposed irrigation structures
• point source and non-point source problem areas
* drop structures for aquatic habitat improvement
distribution features of existing water systems (including storage and diversion
points)"
* hazardous irrigation structures or areas where debris exists in the river
* historic sites adjacent to river or streams
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Sensitive and Open Lands:
* general areas of wetlands
• wildlife habitat/calving and nesting sites
• wellhead protection areas
* groundwater recharge areas
* headwaters
• tributaries
* riparian zones
' confluences
* floodplains
• geo-hazard areas
* areas of erosion that need attention
* soils, particularly identifying soils that present septic/wellhead conflicts
* shallow ground water areas
' topography
* greenbelt buffers for all areas for habitat linkage
"Threatened and Endangered" species locations
' Potential "Watchable Wldlife" sites
Access:
' existing river and tributary access easements and terms of easement
' historical access points that are not perpetually guaranteed
' potential access points (particularly those that provide access to adjacent
lands or are near dense population areas)
70
possible multiple use access sites (combined with parks), and necessary
improvements necessary (restrooms, launch ramps, parking, signs, etc.)
` areas that should require a fee to help pay for management
` areas with limitations on commercial users
vehicle restricted areas
closures for wildlife benefits
other sensitive areas to avoid .
Transportation Features:
culverts under roadways
bridges
railroads
2. Develop Master Plans for each of the Tributary Valleys
Each Master Plan should evaluate potential densities and carrying capacities
based on natural elements and community desires for each. Refine the Eagle
County Master Plan to include that same information on a future land use
map.
3. Implement a Cooperative Enforcement Program of Existing Regulations
Organize an enforcement program that would take place over several months
and involve all relevant jurisdictions to survey the river for 1) violations and
potential problems that need to be corrected by the appropriate private party
or owner (e.g. dumping, erosion,- point source pollution, encroachment, etc.),
2) proper operation under terms of special use permits, and 3) illegal or
expired uses. As part of the overall campaign to increase awareness and
appreciation, clean-ups targeting specific debris and dumping problem areas
should be organized.
4. Revise River/Creek Setbacks for Consistency and Sensitive Lands,
Protection
Development setbacks are one tool for creating protective stream or river
"buffers." The concept has been successful in many communities ' ~
throughout the United States to protect water quality, wildlife habitat and
scenic community character, and to provide recreation opportunities. The
concept_ generally involves leaving a strip of undeveloped land between a
land use and the waterway. The width of a buffer may be uniform or vary to
accommodate specific situations such as riparian areas, floodplains or
existing land uses.
The following is presented as a suggested setback that each jurisdiction
within the watershed could adopt. Each jurisdiction, if it chooses to adopt
this buffer concept and recommended width, would need to consider how
71
e
existing land uses that fall within the riparian, flood or buffer zone would
best be treated. . .
Suggested River and Live Stream Buffer Standard.-
Locate all structures, grading, paving and land disturbance outside o
the riparian zone or 100 year floodplain of live rivers, streams or lake
or 75 feet' measured from the high water at ground level,- whichev,
is greater. In certain circumstances, a greater setback may be
required to protect the riparian zone, floodplain or waterway.
All vegetation shall be left undisturbed in its natural state within the
described protection zones. Permitted vegetative disturbance'includ
environmentally appropriate noxious weed control and enhancement
the area with appropriate riparian zone plantings (willows,
cottonwoods, etc.).
Approved trails, bridges, fences, irrigation structures, flood control
and erosion devices may be constructed within the required setback
there will be little or no disturbance. Underground utilities may be
located in such protected areas upon approval (conditional, special,
etc.) provided there is no alternative location for such utilities, there
will be minimal or no disturbance and other pertinent approvals are
obtained (e.g. Corps of Engineers).
"Possible Variations or Additions to the above:
f Adopt a setback of 75 feet adjacent to the Eagle River and 50 feet
adjacent to tributary streams . Riparian and floodplain widths would ap
as the setback if greater than either the 75 feet or 50 feet distance.
A more substantial setback should be considered for relatively dense o
intensive land uses, such as apartment complexes, mobile home parks,
commercial buildings and industrial uses, may warrant an increased .setba
to buffer the more intensive water quality, access traffic, and view charm
impacts that may be associated with those uses. The exact setback woul
need to be based on an analysis the of site and development proposal.
At minimum, protection of the riparian zone, 100 year floodplain boun,
-or 5"et-from the high water mark-1wsetback-required currently by two
local jurisdictions), whichever is greater, should be required in order to
improve consistent resource protection.
72
P~I
Irrigation ditches could, if desired; be incorporated into this suggested
standard as well in that many irrigation ditches feature established riparian
vegetation (e.g. cottonwood trees).
Riparian zone is defined as the banks and adjacent vegetation influenced by the high water
table. Plant types associated with riparian zone include but are not limited to cottonwoods,
willows, alders, aspens, and chokecherry. The. presence or absence of these plants does not
always indicate a riparian community. Past. land use practices may have degraded the
vegetation to the point where it does not appear to have riparian characteristics'but because of
the high water table in the area a change in the land use ca.i quickly-restore the riparian
community. Conversely, a few characteristic plants may not indicate a true riparian community.
For this reason on-site analysis is needed to help make this determination. The agencies
available, to make these inspections include Coldrado.Division of Wildlife, Soil Conservation
Service, Corps of Engineers, Eagle County Environmental Health and other town or County staff
with appropriate training. /f disagreement about riparian boundaries occurs, on-site studies
should be prepared with scientific analysis by expert sources.
This definition of.riparian was comprehensively compiled from CDOW, Natural Resources
'Conservation Services, USFS and US Army Corps of Engineers definitions of riparian zone.
Figure 2. Riparian Ecosystem Cross Section.
Shrubs and grass
Trees aQ ~r ,
Shrubs
Sedges and
Water
--Aquatic I Riparian ----upland
'Ecosystem-~li°- Ecosystem _ Ecosystem
73
5. Locate Compatible Land Uses Adjacent to Rivers and Streams
Land uses such as moderate intensity commercial, public services (e.g.
treatment plants, town parks), low to high density housing may be
compatible with the river and creeks as adjacent land uses within the
boundaries of a town or community center (Wolcott, Edwards, etc). Low tc
moderate density residential development, open space and recreational use!
may be appropriate both* within a town, community center or in the
unincorporated area outside of the towns. High intensity or heavy service
commercial, large parking lots and industrial (except properly mitigated grav
resource. pits properly mitigated) uses are not considered land uses
compatible with the rivers and streams primarily because of visual characte
water quality and riparian area impacts. Each local jurisdiction will need to
refine-what type of land uses are most appropriate adjacent to the river or
creeks where developable land exists.
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6. Develop River/Creekfront Design Standards
Implement guidelines or regulations to promote the design of development
adjacent to the river that complements the scenic attributes of the river anc
does not impact water quality and habitat (e.g. Town of Avon has design
guidelines for properties adjacent to the river in their Comprehensive Plan).
Applicable design standards should be commensurate with the level of
expected impact of the development type, including all residential (35 acre
lots, minor subdivisions, apartments, etc.), commercial and industrial
projects.
Suggested Design Standards:
*Cluster structures within developments and in relation to neighbori
developments to provide views to the stream and riparian areas,
provide open areas and to promote use by wildlife.
*Provide view corridors between clusters of buildings
*Provide areas of unrestricted views'to the river/stream and riparian
area without berms, utility structures, etc.
*Downlight all exterior light fixtures
*Focus design and site orientation towards the river
*If applying the minimum setback requirement, design building to st
down in height in response to natural topography and limit the heig
of the side of building closest to river/stream to 35 feet
*Provide trails, soft or hard surface, to define/concentrate access t
the river corridor by project occupants (or public, if applicable)
&Landscape using appropriate native-plants
7. Analyze Ability to Supply Adequate Water
Perform a comprehensive analyses of all water consumptive uses to insur
that water quantity needs for the development do not exceed the local abi
74
to. provide for water (see also Water Quantity, Water Quality, Wildlife) and
that there are not adverse impacts on the watershed.
8. Analyze Golf Course and Ski Area Proposals
Analyze golf courses and ski. area proposals (in conjunction with required
State and Federal processes) to insure that:
Water supply is available in addition to water rights;
Minimum stream flow levels will not be affected;
Augmentation plans will augment the Eagle River watershed;
• A "Best Management Practices" water and chemical use program
has been developed and an enforcement method is proposed;
* System or site design includes physical features to prevent negative
water quality impacts (berms, ponds, etc.);
* Land use development will not be accelerated beyond the carrying
capacity of that particular area as established by pertinent
comprehensive plans.
* Natural land features and vegetation are preserved
9. Develop a Model Sensitive Lands Overlay Zone.
Create.a model "overlay" standard for protection of sensitive lands
associated with the river and tributaries that can be adopted individually or
cooperatively by-the Towns and County.
Items to address include (see also item 10):
* A,general inventory map of sensitive lands locations throughout the
watershed as a tool to generally inform citizens and governmental
decision makers-about where sensitive lands are generally located in
the watershed and to alert that further study may be needed:
Sensitive lands include but are ,not limited to: wetland areas,
floodplains, critical wildlife habitat, headwaters and tributaries,
confluences and riparian zones, wellhead protection areas, aquifer
recharge areas.
* A buffer zone between structures and officially defined wetlands so
that structures are not located at the very edge of a wetlands and
thereby compromise integrity of the wetlands.
* A buffer zone for protection of springs-
* A zone of lower intensity adjacent,to sensitive areas
*Standards for parking lots and, other surfaces that promote runoff
• -(see also Chapter 5: Water Quality)
*A list of pertinent sensitive lands regulations
10. Review Related Regulations (Floodplain, Wetland, Drainage) for
Effectiveness and Possible Revision
75
N a'
s
r
Review floodplain, drainage, storm runoff, retention/detention and erosion
control regulations utilized by each jurisdiction and create common policy
and standards that can be adopted individually or cooperatively by the
Towns and County. Most of the floodplain regulations follow the standard
model set forth by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. What doe,
deviate is how each community interprets or enforces the standards.
Drainage, storm runoff, retention and detention standards vary in each
jurisdiction.
Determine which, if any, of the federal and state wetland or floodplain
processes may warrant stricter control at, a local level (e.g. Army Corps
Nationwide Permits). Local controls cannot conflict or be weaker than thos
federal or state processes but in certain cases can be made stricter if local
needs and desires dictate. This concept will require clear legal guidance any
consultation with the appropriate -federal and state agencies.
It may be possible for local entities to provide assistance to federal
authorities for adminstration of pertinent regulations. There are 26 types of
Nationwide Permits adminstered by the Corps of Engineers. There have bei
discussion.with the Corps about training local government personnel to
assist more often with administration of their programs.
Suggested Actions and Policies specific to Wetlands:
1. Generally delineate wetlands on a map for information purposes.
That action would need to be done in consultation with the
appropriate regulating agencies and has, been successfully undertake
in other Colorado locations such as Crested Butte and Boulder. Publ
input specifically identified wetlands that need protection on Lake,
Squaw, Brush, Gore, Homestake, Cross Creek and on Eagle River n
Edwards, Avon and Wolcott. Riparian zones on Buck and Gore Cre
were also identified.
2. Development adjacent to wetlands should incorporate a wetlands
buffer of a sufficient width as determined by federal permitting
agency, or local government with agency technical guidance. This
policy recognizes that wetlands integrity must be preserved in order
protect it's value for flood damage prevention, erosion control, wat
quality filtering, wildlife habitat and recreation opportunities. (Seve
---techrrical sources recommend that-wettand buffers are essential to
maintaining the integrity of the wetlands. See References.).
3. Preserve existing and established wetlands in the Eagle River
watershed as opposed to creating new wetlands or contributing to
76
wetlands "banks" outside of or elsewhere in the County. If mitigation
is allowed by the Federal permitting agencies, work with those
agencies to require that the replacement wetlands be in place prior to
removal of the original wetlands. Replacement wetlands should be of
equal or greater acreage, have equal or better filtering values, and
occur on-site or at the closest possible area in the watershed to help
offset impacts.
Suggested Actions and Policies specific to Floopolains:
1. Pursue funds from the Federal Emergency Management Agency,
Army Corps or Bureau of Reclamation and Colorado Water
Conservation Board to complete flood mapping for the Eagle River and
major tributaries in the watershed, including mapping for mud and
debris flows.
2. Discourage (or prohibit) development, encroachment or alteration of
the lands associated with the river and. tributaries that can be
classified as 100 year floodplain or federally qualified wetlands.
Exceptions to this provision are approved trails, bridges, fences,
irrigation structures, flood control, erosion devices and recreation
activities that cause little or no disturbance. Underground utilities may
be located in such protected area with review approval as determined
by the agency provided there is no alternative location for such
utilities and there is minimal disturbance of vegetation or landscape
features associated with the use.
3. Require that the 100 year floodplain be mapped on all development
proposals adjacent to a water feature and possible impacts on the
water feature be addressed.
4. Prohibit building projections or appurtenances (decks) into the
riparian zone, wetland or floodplain.
5. Encourage all Towns and County to take part in the in the
community flood rating system.
6. Prohibit alteration of river or stream channels unless approved by
pertinent agencies as an enhancement project (aquatic habitat
- -improvement;-drop structures; Tmgatfon-structures, bridges).
11. Improve Local Authority on 35 Acre Exemptions .
Implement local review policies of.parcels of land up xo 70 acres in size to
insure stream setbacks, protection of sensitive areas, erosion control, etc.
77
l~
e •
Review the 35 acre subdivision exemption laws and well permit parcel size
for effectiveness in protecting watershed resources.
6.3.3. Objective: PROTECT ADJACENT SENSITIVE AREAS, OPEN SPACE AND APPROPRIAT
ACCESS
Recommended Actions.
1. Protect Riparian' Lands as Highest Open Space Priority
Establish riparian areas as highest priority to protect in federal,-state, count
or town acquisitions b,1 trade, purchase, annexation agreements, easement,
etc.
2. Jointly Pursue Open Space Funds
Pool Town and County Open Space Funds to acquire riparian corridors and
other sensitive lands as permanent open space. Develop partnerships with
State, Federal and private entities with similar riparian and sensitive lands
preservation goals.
3. Guarantee Open Space as Perpetual
Insure that: lands set aside as open space through development or
governmental purchase remain open space perpetually through plat or deed
restrictions, zoning or granting of conservation easements to government of
non-profit partners.
4. Maintain Public Lands as Open Space
With agency approval, rezone public lands to open space (PLOS) on zoning
maps including State Land Board, Division of Wildlife, USFS, BLM and othe
appropriate lands. Additionally, revise town and County open space maps
identify which public lands are most important to preserve as open space
perpetually to.provide guidance to federal and state land management
agencies considering local land exchange or sale proposals, Land trades c
increase the amount of developable land which may not be beneficial to th
health of the watershed.
5. Develop Parks and Trails
Develop parks and trails adjacent to the river or tributaries where
environmentally appropriate (see Chapter 7: Recreation).
----6. upport-Local Ranching -Activities
Locally develop policies, standards, taxing structures, incentives, funding
other means of encouraging ranching and appropriate agricultural uses to
continue as a means of preserving open space adjacent to the river and
tributaries.
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APPENDIX A
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The following people were instrumental in the development of the Eagle River Watershed Plan.
Levels of participation varied but all of these people's efforts, whether it be attending a public
meeting, writing a comment letter or drafting a plan chapter, were equally important in the
evolution of this Plan.
Elected Officials:
Avon Town Council
Eagle Town Board
Gypsum Town Council
Mintum Town Council
Red Cliff Town Council
Vail Town Council
Eagle County Board of County Commissioners
Town and County Plannino'Commissions:
Avon Planning Commission
Eagle Planning Commission
Gypsum Planning Commission
Mintum' Planning Commission
Red Cliff .Planning Commission
Vail Planning and Environmental Commission
Eagle and Colorado Valley Planning Commission (Eagle County)
Citizens and other Interested Parties:
Art Abplanalp for Selby Sullivan
Kim Andree
Avon Beaver Creek Resort Association
Darryl Bangert, Lakota Guides
Allen Best, Vail Valley Times
David Bishop
Neil Bland
Scott Biuhm
Ron Brown
Don Byers
Byron Brown, Vail Consolidated Water District
Greg Caretto, Nova Guides
Jessica Davidson, Vail Valley Times
Lesley Davies
Richard Delia
Nancy Decker
Larry Delpit
Tyler Doggett
Frank Doll
Diana Donovan
Ed Dreager, Upper Eagle Valley Regional Water Authority et al
Amy Dressel Martin, Vail Daily
Eagle County Cattlemen's Association
80
Kate Ellis
David Faulkenberg
Harold Feder
Brian and Kate Fratzke
Robert Freilich for Adam's Rib
Dennis Gelvin, Upper Eagle Regional Water Authority et al
Libby Hart, Upper Eagle Regional Water Authority et al
Rick Sackbauer, Vail Valley Consolidated Water District
Ron Hedrick
Zander Higbie
Lia Holden
Homestead Homeowners Association
Andy Hood, Vail Daily
Michael Hoy
Mary Hughson Brown
Kathryn Hunt
Peter Jamar, Jamar & Associates
Jeb Jennings
Tom Johnson
George Jouflas
Jan Jouflas
James Jouflas
John Jouflas
Chris Jouflas
Connie Jouflas
Andy Johnson
Bruce Keep
Terrill Knight, Knight Planning Services
Susie ICincad-e
Roger Landing
Miriam Lundey
Michael Landreth
Siegmund Langegger
Kim Langrriaid, Vail Nature Center
Cynthia Lepthian
Denise Lipp
Glen Lokay, Vail Fishing Guides
Bill Lorah, Wright Water Engineers for Adam's Rib
Joe Macy, Vail Associates
Sue Mattison, Timberline Tours
Mike Metcalf
Pat Maher
Debbie Marquez, Raftmeister
Doug Maxfield
Jenny Maxfield
Rick MacCutcheon
Christy McEwen
Robert McKenzie
Eric Moser, Gorsuch Fishing Guides
Marka Moser
Heiko Mues
81
Dick Neal
Chupa Nelson
Ken Neubecker, Trout Unlimited
Terry Nolan
Chris Offut
Chuck Ogilby, Vail Valley Consolidted Water District
Jim Olson
Steve Onorofskie
Dick Osterweil
Bill Perry, Fly Fishing Outfitters
Amy Phillips
Gordon Pierce
Bill Post for Piney Valley Ranches Trust
Jim Potter
Teresa Rice, Natural Resources Law Center, Univeristy of Colorado Law School
Jim Roberts
Nancy Rondeau
Lori Russell
Linn Schorr
Clark Shivley
Mike Sliper
Soil Conservation District Members
Alex Stack
Steve Gordon, Southern Pacific Railroad
Larry Stone
Tim Stortzum
Scott Taylor
Paul Testwuide, Vail Associates and Vail Valley Consolidated Water District
Cliff Thompson, Vail Valley Times
Patricia Tiek/Eagle River Environmental and Business Alliance
Paul Tillinghast
Caroline Tremblay
Melvin Trumble
Charlie Wick, Adam's Rib
Bill Williams
Nancy Zawada
Town -and_Co_unty Staff
Russ Forrest, Town of Vail, Environmental Planner
Mary Holden, Town of Avon, Town Planner
Mike Matzko, Town of Avon, Community Development Director
Bill James; Town of Avon, Town Manager
Richard Dangler, Town of Minturn, Town Manager
Cal Thomas, Town of Red Cliff, Town Manager
Joe Forinash, Town of Eagle, Assistant Town Manager
Willy Powell, Town of Eagle, Town Manager
Jeff Shroll, Town of Gypsum; Town Manager
Ellie Caryl, Eagle County, Planner
Ray Merry, Eagle County, Environmental Health Division Manager
Sid Fox, Eagle County, Planning Division Manager
Keith Montag, Eagle County, Community Development Director
82
Stacy Desormy, Eagle County, Planning Division Administrative Technician
John Althoff, Eagle County, Project Engineer
George Roussos, Eagle County, County Engineer
Larry Metternick, Eagle County, Former County Engineer
Don Fessler, Eagle County, Road and Bridge Manager
Lloyd Powers, Eagle County, Surveyor
Tom Girard, Cooperative Extension Service
Joe Winstead, Cooperative Extension Service -
Jim Fritze, Eagle County, County -Attorney
Bob Loeffler, Eagle County, Assistant County Attorney
State, Recional, or City Acencv Representatives:
Bill Heicher, Division of Wildlife, Wildlife Officer
Bill Andree, Division of Wildlife, Wildlife Officer
Craig Westcoatt, Division of Wildlife, Wildlife Officer
Jay Skinner, Division of Wildlife, Senior Water Resources Specialist
Allen Czencush; Division of Wildlife, Wildlife Officer
Brian Hyde; Colorado Water Conservation Board, Floodplain Management
Bill McEwen, Division of Water Resources, Division 5, District 37 Water Commissioner
Jim Chubrillo, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Bill Nelson, Colorado Department of Transportation
Larry Abbott, Colorado Department of Transportation
T.J.Smith, Colorado Department of Transportation
Dick Parachini, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment/Watee Quality Division,
Chris Ford, Colorado State Parks, State Trails Division
Bob Wiig, Colorado State Parks, Sylvan Lake
Robert Kistner, Colorado Office of Emergency Management
Commissioners, Colorado State Land Board
Robert Ray, Northwest Colorado Council of Governments, Water Quality Director
Rich Howard, Northwest Colorado Council of Governments, Quantity/Quality Program
Kevin Lindahl, Northwest Colorado Council of Governments, Quantity/Quality Program
Chris Treese, Colorado River Water Conservation District and Eagle River Assembly
Doug Kemper, Aurora Department of Water Resources and Eagle River Assembly
Larry Brown, Aurora Department of Water Resources and Eagle River Assembly
Commissioners, City of Denver Water Board
Federal Agency-Representatives:
Kay Salazar, National Park Service, Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program
Mike Mottice,,Bureau of Land Management
Francisco Mendoza, Bureau of Land Management
Jay Thompson, Bureau of Land Management
Kathy Hardy, U.S. Forest Service, Holy Cross District
Rick Olsen, Soil Conservation Service
Mike Claffey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Virginia Motoyama, Federal Emergency Management Agency
Karen Hamilton, Environmental Protection Agency
Keith Rose, US Fish and Wildlife Service
Bob Norman, US Bureau of Reclamation
83
APPENDIX B
THE PLANNING PROCESS
The Eagle River Watershed Plan (formerly the Eagle River Management Plan) was initiated by
local governments after protection of the Eagle River was identified as a top community concern
through town and County master planning forums and surveys. The perception among local
citizens and community leaders was that the Eagle River is a tremendous asset that had been
overlooked or degraded in terms of water quality, quantity, :adjacent land use impacts, aesthetic
quality, recreation and habitat values. Eagle County, Gypsum, Eagle, Avon, Minturn_ , Red Cliff,
Vail, CDOW, BLM and USFS jointly applied for and received a grant of professional planning
assistance from the National Park Service Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program
which served as a catalyst for the planning effort to begin.
Other key events include:
* The ERWP officially kicked off in January 1994 with a meeting of
representatives from the towns in the watershed, local representatives of
state and federal agencies, regional representatives, special interest groups
and citizens.
* The group continued to meet monthly through May 1994 with
membership growing to include more interested citizens and. agencies.
* In order to develop the plan, several goals for the planning process where
established:
1. Examine present environmental, social and economic issues of the
Eagle River Watershed.
2. Establish common citizen, inter-agency and inter-governmental
goals.
3. Determine public interests, concerns and desired future condition of
the Eagle River Watershed.
4. Examine current management and regulatory tools and compare to
the issues, concerns and desired future condition.
5. Develop a plan that can used be as a guideline by all involved
agencies and governments and accepted by the public that includes
recommended regulatory, policy and incentive tools.
* June through October 1994, five sub-committees met to discuss their
assigned topics - wildlife, water quantity, water quality, land use and
recreation.
* During that same period, additional public input was pursued with a
mailed questionnaire and two public meetings (summary of comments
received available from Eagle County Planning Division).
* Using this information and the draft chapters the subcommittees
compiled, the committee met to review a rough draft in November and
December.
84
* The first official draft for public review was released in January; 1995.
* Public meetings were held during the months of February and March,
1995 in each Town during Planing Commission and Town Council meetings
and at the County Planning Commission and County Commissioner meetings
,Additionally, an at-large public meeting was held in Edwards.
* Rewrite of the draft plan was begun in April by the "Committee and was
assigned to the Editing Sub-Committee to complete.
* The Final Draft of the plan was released for public review on August 8,
1995. '
85
APPENDIX C
OTHER WATER PLANNING AND ADVOCACY EFFORTS
Eagle River Assembly: In 1993, a consortium of front range and Eagle County major water rights holders and
water providers convened to discuss common problems and solutions to water supply challenges. In 1994, the
Assembly issued a draft "report focused on resolving trans-basin and in-basin water supply issues and how to solve
current deficits and meet future demand. The Eagle River Management Plan chapter on water quantity includes
some of the factual flow and consumption data about the Eagle River water supply situation from that Eagle River
Assembly report. The primary difference between the Eagle River Assembly and,the Eagle River Management Plan
is that the former is focused on water quantity and quality issues and the latter examines land use, wildlife habitat
and recreation issues, as well as water quality and quantity.
1995 -contact -person: Chris Treese
Colorado River Water Conservation District
PO Box 1120
Glenwood Springs, CO 81602
(970) 945-8522
Northwest Colorado Council of Governments (NWCCOG) 208 Plan Update: NWCCOG is the designated regional
water quality planning agency for Eagle, Grand, Jackson, Pitkin, Routt and Summit counties. NWCCOG is using the
Eagle River Management Plan as the basis for developing the NWCCOG Eagle River watershed,portion,(specifically
the non-point pollution source portion) of the regional water quality plan known as the 208 Plan). The 208 Plan is
required by section 208 of the Federal Clean Water Act and is used for wastewater treatment plant site planning, "
local and federal water permitting issues, and directing efforts to improved water quality in the region.
1995 contact person: Robert , Ray
Northwest Colorado Council of Governments
PO Box 2308
Silverthorne, CO 80498
(970) 468-7050
NWCCOG Water- Quality and Quantity(QQ) Program: As part of NWCCOG, the QQ program specifically works to
protect local governmental authority to impose conditions on water diversion structures. QQ identifies, studies and
helps resolve regional water issues. QQ provides advocacy on behalf of west slope water users quantity and
quality positions to the state legislature.
1995 contact person: Kevin Lindahl
NWCCOG/Lindahl & Associates
PO Box 2100
Eagle, CO 81631
Colorado River Headwaters Forum (CRHF): CRHF is a forum sponsored by the NWCCOG QQ program. CRHF was
established to facilitate discussion of Colorado River headwater issues. The Group is composed of interested
stakeholders from the region and meets on a quarterly basis to share information, data and views concerning water
quality and quantity issues.
1995 contact person: Kevin Lindahl
NWCCOG/Lindahl & Associates
PO Box 2100
Eagle, CO 81631
86
APPENDIX D
GLOSSARY
Sources of these definitions vary but in all cases the definitions are intended to be
understandable to the lay-person rather than, experts in the particular topic. For expanded
definitions related to' complex subjects such as State of Colorado water law and federal
wetlands, please refer to the appropriate state or federal legislation or pertinent sources listed it
the References appendix.
Acre-Foot -
The volume of water required to cover one acre of land to a depth of one foot. An acre foot is equal to
approximately 325,825 gallons. For example,. the Nottingham Lake near Avon holds approximately 100 acre-feet
of water.
Adjacent To -
Meaning land that shares a property boundary with the river or a tributary or includes said water feature within its
boundaries, at the time of ERWP adoption/endorsement.
Aquatic Habitat -
Habitat available for use by fish and other aquatic species. The area of usable habitat in a stream typically -
increases as stream flow increases, except when stream flow is very high and water velocity is greater than
desirable.
Augmentation -
A means to allow diversion of water by a junior water right when this junior right would otherwise be
out-of-priority and unable to divert water. -An augmentation' plan typically replaces (or augments) the amount of
water' consumed by a junior water- right with water from a reservoir, or with water previously used-for another
purpose such as irrigation. By replacing the amount of water consumed, the-amount of water available to senior
downstream water rights is not diminished. In the Eagle River Watershed, augmentation is most commonly filed
for from Green Mountain Reservoir in the Blue River watershed in Summit County. See C.R.S. 37-92-103 for
definition of augmentation plan-under state statute.
Baseflow -
The period of the year in which stream- flow in rivers and streams is the lowest, typically from August through
April. During this period, stream flow primarily results from ground water that is discharged to stream and rivers.
Build-out Conditions -
The population that is projected to occur with complete development assuming a development density comparab
to existing conditions on all planned and platted sites. Actual build-out could vary significantly, depending upon
market conditions and land use approvals.
Carrying Capacity-
The amount and type of use an area can accommodate without altering either the environment or the user's
experience beyonda degree of change deemed acceptable by the management objective. (see References for
carrying capacity/limits of acceptable change literature)
Cubic Foot per Second or cfs -
A rate of stream flaw equal to one cubic foot of water (7.5 gallons) every second. One cfs flowing for one day
results in a volume of water equal to approximately two acre feet. The Eagle River near Gypsum typically flows
about 100 to 200 cfs during the low flow winter months. During peak snowmelt the flow of the river near
87
Gypsum often exceeds 3,000cfs. The flow of Gore Creek at Vail is ,usually about 10 to 15 cfs during the winter
months.. Peak snowmelt stream flow of Gore Creek is often 900 cfs or greater.
Consumptive Water Use -
That amount of water that is actually consumed by a given water use (a hay crop) and does not return to the
stream.
Depletion -
The use of water in a_ manner which makes it no longer available to other users in the,same system. For example,
immediately- below a municipal diversion headgate, the stream depletion is equal to the amount of water diverted.
Downstream of return flow from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, the depletion is equal to- the amount of
water actually consumed by the municipal use that is not returned to the steam.
Domestic Water Use - .
Water used for household purposes, and for lawn and garden irrigation in residential areas.
Erosive Soils-,
Local soils prone to slow ;permeability, rapid surface runoff and minimal vegetative cover due to soil characteristics
(soil type example: Pierre'shale, Niobrara formation and Benton shale.
Ground Water -
Water sources found below the surface of the earth C
Instrearrm'Flow -
The amount of stream flow in a stream or river that is recommended to maintain natural resource values such as
fish habitat, recreation or water quality.
In-Basin Water Diversion -
The diversion of water from the Eagle River Basin for use within the Eagle River watershed.
Instream Flow Water Standards -
A minimum flow standard established by the Colorado Water Conservation Board in consultation with the Division
of Wildlife, Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation, and/or agencies of the' U.S. Department of Agriculture and
Department of the Interior that is. intended to preserve the natural environment to a reasonable degree. (CRS
37-92-102(3)).
Non-Point Source Pollution
A source of pollution that has a diffuse origin and entrance point to the stream. For example, sediment erosion
from a construction site or oil and grease washing off roads in a thunderstorm. In contrast, if water from diffuse
sources is collected in a pipe and'the pipe enters the river, it is a Point Source discharge.
Non-Structural Strategy -
A water supply strategy, such as conservation, that does not involve the construction of a dam,. reservoir or
diversion facility.
Optimum Instream Flow -
A flow amount which protects an instream flow value such as fish habitat, recreation, aesthetics, or water quality.
Point Source Pollution -
Pollution that comes from a discreet or specified source such as industrial or municipal wastewater discharge.
88
Raw Water -
Untreated surface or ground water.
Return Flow -
Water returned to the stream after being diverted and used for some "beneficial" use such as irrigation or domestic
purposes. Usually return flows occur downstream of the point of diversion.
Riparian -
The banks and adjacent vegetation influenced by the high water table. Plant types associated with riparian zone
include but are not limited to cottonwoods, willows,- alders, aspens, and chokecherry. The presence or absence of
these plants does not always indicate a riparian community.' Past land use practices may have degraded the
vegetation to the point-where it does not appear to have riparian characteristics but because of the high water
table in the area a change in the land use can quickly restore the riparian community. Conversely, a few
characteristic plants may not indicate a true riparian community. For this reason on-site analysis is needed to help
make this determination. The agencies available to make these inspections include Colorado Division of Wildlife,
Soil Conservation Service, Corps of Engineers, Eagle County Environmental Health and other town or County staff
with appropriate training. Challenges to the on-site studies should be based on scientific analysis from expert
sources. This definition of riparian was comprehensively compiled from CDOW, SCS, USFS, USAC, Colorado Stat
University Range Science Department and Colorado Riparian Association definitions of riparian zone.
Sensitive Areas or Lands -
Land or water areas that are sensitive because they could be irretrievably damaged or lost if they are not
protected. Wetlands, riparian areas and steep hillsides are examples of sensitive lands that typically do not
respond or recover well from disturbance, whether it be a single occurrence or collective.
Shoshone Call/Demand -
The water demand associated with the Shoshone Hydroelectric Facility on the Colorado River in Glenwood Canyon
This is a senior water right that frequently limits upstream diversions in the Eagle River Basin. J
Surface Water -
Sources of water such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams found on the earth's surface.
Takings -
Denial of all reasonable use of property, which is further defined by several U.S. and Colorado court cases.
Trans-Basin Diversion (or Out-of-Basin Diversion) -
The diversion of water from the Eagle River Basin for use at locations outside of the Eagle River watershed.
Watershed -
A geographic area in-which all water drains to a common point or outlet such as a larger stream or river, a lake,
underlying aquifer, an estuary, or an ocean. A watershed is also referred to as a drainage basin. Watersheds exist
in a variety of shapes and sizes which result from the influence of climate, rock and soil types.
Water Right -
The legal right to use a specified amount of water. Water rights in Colorado are administered according to priori!
(first in time, first in right). An absolute water right is a right that has been historically applied to a beneficial use
A conditional water right is a right that has not yet been developed or used, but that retains its historical priority.
Conditional rights are usually associated with water projects that require years of planning and construction (see
also C.R.S. 37-92-103(6)). According to C.R.S. 37-92-103(12), a water right means a right to use in accordanc
with its priority, a certain portion of the waters of the state by reason of the appropriation of the same.
89
"Wet" Water -
An informal expression that means someone may own authorized water rights ("paper water") but because the
water supply is over-appropriated or the, water source is inadequate, the "actual water may not be available.
Wetlands -
Per 33 C.F.R.Part328.3(b); C.F.R.5230.3(t) 1986, wetlands are "those areas that are inundated or saturated by
surface of ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do_
support, a prevalence, of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.. Wetlands generally.,
include swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas". This is the current definition used by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers.
Wetlands Mitigation and Banking -
Per federal wetlands regulations, if wetlands are disturbed or.destroyed, an equal amount of wetland acres must be
enhanced, restored or created, generally in the same watershed. Banking, where permitted by policy, allows
purchase of wetland "credits" that are used to fund_ target wetland restoration projects.that may or may not be in
the same watershed.
LIST OF ACRONYMS .
EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
USFWS
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service
BLM.
Bureau of Land Management
USFS
United States Forest Service
CDOW/DOW
Colorado Division of Wildlife
CDOH
Colorado Department of Health
CWQCD
Colorado Water Quality Control Division
NRCS
Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly. Soil Conservation Service)
USACOE
United States Army Corps of Engineers
ERA
Eagle River Assembly
CWCB
Colorado Water Conservation Board
DWR
State of Colorado Department of Natural Resources, Div.of Water Resources
NWCCOG
Northwest Colorado Council of Governments
BMP's
Best Management Practices
COOT
Colorado Department of Transportation
LAC
Limits of Acceptable Change
WWTF
Wastewater Treatment Facility (or plant)
UEVCSD
Upper Eagle Valley Consolidated Sanitation District
CONVERSION TABLE
1 acre foot of water
= 43,560 cubic feet or 325,581 gallons
1 cubic foot per second (cfs) = 450.0 gallons per minute
= 646,320.0 gallons per day
= 1..983 acre feet. per 24 hours
= 59.5 acre feet for 30 days
= 724.0 acre feet per year
90
APPENDIX E
STUDIES SPECIFIC TO THE EAGLE RIVER WATERSHED'
WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY:
Eagle River Assembly; Overview of Eagle River Water Basin Issues - Phase I Report. 1994.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ugger Eagle Valley Nonooint Source Assessment and Control Plan. Volume
I: Assessment of Nonooint Sources, 1980
Colorado Water Conservation Board and Triad, Gore Creek Hydrology Report, 1975
Colorado Water Conservation Board and Triad, Gore Creek Floodolain Information, 1975
Colorado Water Conservation Board and Triad, Gore Creek Floodolain Amendment, 1978
Colorado Water Conservation Board and Triad, Gore Creek 500 Year' Recurrence Interval Floodolain, 1976
Colorado Water Conservation Board and Triad, Gore Creek-Potential Flood Damage and Improvement
Recommendations, 1975
Blatchly et al, Gore Creek Valley Water Resources Study, 1975
Gore Creek Valley Water Authority'Committee, Preliminary Planning and Feasibility -Study: Reuse of Municipal
Waste Water- Effluent,, 1978
Northwest Colorado Council of Governments, Vail NonPoint Source Water Quality Management Program Part I:
Proiect Results, 1992
Gore Creek Valley Water Authority Committee et al, Gilman Mine Water-Resource Study, 1978
U.S. Forest Service, Water Quality Consideration for Highway Planning And Constriction: 1-70 - Vail Pass,
Colorado, 1978
Colorado Department of Transportation et al, 1-70 in a Mountain Environment, Vail Pass, Colorado, 1987
Mears, Rapid Mass-Wasting Processes: Vail, CO, 1977
Davis, Vail/beaver Creek Winter Quality Research, 1980-1981
Northwest Colorado Council of Governments, Areawide Water Quality Management Plan for Eagle,.Grand,
Jackson, Pitkin, Routt and Summit Counties, Colorado, 1989
Northwest Colorado Council of Governments and Town of Vail, Draft Vail Nonooint Source Water Quality
Management Plan, 1995
Colorado Water Conservation Board and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Water and Related Land. Resources
Colorado River Basin in Colorado, 1965 (includes information about Eagle River Watershed)
Schmueser Gordon Meyer, Eagle Sanitation District Wastewater Master Plan, 1994
91
Northwest Colorado Council of Governments, Areawide Water Quality Management Plan for Eagle, Grand.
Jackson, Pitkin, Routt and Summit -Counties, Colorado, 1989
Town of Vail, Vail Nonooint Source Water Quality Management Plan, 1995
Colorado Water Conservation Board and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Water'and Related Land Resources
Colorado River Basin in Colorado, 1965
WILDLIFE:
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Annual Reoort on the Biological Assessment of the Eagle River Suaenfu_nd Site, Eagle
County, Colorado, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995)
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Eaole River Fish Shocking Results. 1991, 1992, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 (shockings
prior to 1991 and for- other watershed drainages- see CDOW)
Dames & Moore, Shocking Survey, Tagging and Population Movement Study, 1986
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Gore Creek Fish Shocking Results, 1,985 and 1992
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Fishing Creel Census at Nottingham Lake and Wilmor Lake, 19,85
Inter-Fluve> Inc., Fish Habitat Enhancement Plan for Portions of Gore Creek within the Town of Vail, 1985
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Colorado State University and Morrison, Elk Studies, Minturn Area, 1986-1990
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Elk Study. Adam's Rib Recreation Area
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Elk Study, Beaver Creek, 1995 - ongoing
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Schneider and Brown, Movements and Habitat Use by Sage Grouse in Eagle County,
1991
Colorado Division of Wildlife and Anderson, Lynx Survey of Vail Area, 1991
Colorado Division of Wildlife and Tom Andrews, Lynx Survey of Vail, Adams Rib, Burnt Mountain, 1992
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Bat Inventory at Gilman Mines, 1994-ongoing
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Schoep and Srubbs; Bighorn Sheep Habitat Movements and Population. Gore Range,
Eagle County, 1990-1991
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Hess, Terrall and Hoover, Holy Cross Wilderness giohorn Sheet) Reintroduction 'Study,
1992-1993
Colorado Division of-Wildlife, Colorado Wildlife Imoact Model, Fishing in Eagle County, 1989
S.M.Stoller Corporation, Ecological Investigations and Proposed Mitigation Plan Adam's Rib Recreational Area and
Adam's Rib Ranch, 1995 (several other studies specific to Adam's Rib proposed development have been produced,
contact Adam's Rib or Eagle County)
92
v 0
RECREATION AND LAND USE:
Town of Red Cliff Draft Master Plan, 1995
Town of Minturn Community Plan, 1994
Mintum Parks and Recreation Plan, 1992
Town of Avon Comorehensive Plan, 1990
Town- of Avon Recreation Master Plan, 1992
Town of Eagle Master Plan, 1985
Town of Gvosum Master Plan, 1995
Environmental Strategic Plan. Vail. Colorado, 1994
Town of Vail Land Use Plan
Town of Vail Recreational Trails Master Plan Resort, 1999
Town of Vail Comorehensive Ooen Lands Plan. 1994
The Eagle County Recreation Task Force, Rosall Remmen Cares and Winstin, Parks and Recreation in Eagle County,
An Action Plan, 1988
Eaale County Trails Plan, 1993
Eagle County Open Space Plan, 1979
Eagle County Master Plan, 1982
Draft Eagle County Master Plan, 1994
Eagle County Planning Survey, 1993
Wolcott Area Community Plan, 1992
Eagle County Airport Sub-Area Master Plan, 1986
Edwards Sub-Area Master Plan, 1985
Bureau of Land Management, Eagle River Recreation Management Area. Management Plan and Environmental
Assessment, 1992
Bureau of Land Management, Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan, Glenwood Springs Resource
Area, 1988
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey of Aspen-Gvosum Area. Colorado, 1992
93
' , 4
U.S. Forest Service, Land and Resource Management Plan White River National Forest, 1990
U.S. Forest Service, Final Environmental Impact Statement White River National Forest, 1984
Forest Service, Holy Cross Ranger District, Environmental Assessment: Vail Ski Area Expansion, 1986
U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Colorado Department of Transportation, I_
70%Main Interchanne Improvements Environmental Assessment, 1987 .
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Colorado Mammal Distribution Latilong Study; 1982
Colorado State Trails Program, State Trails Master Plan.
1993 (includes Eagle County)
Energy and Resource Consultants, Inc., Economic Assessment of Damage Related to the Eagle Mine Facility, 1985
Knight and Hammock, Early Days on the Eaale, 1965
94
APPENDIX F
REFERENCES
(and other pertinent resource materials/also see list of studies specific to watershed)
Water Quality and Quantity:
Calow & Petty, The Rivers Handbook: Hydrological and Ecological Principles, 1992.
Colorado Division of Water Resources, Bibliography, 1991
Colorado Forum, Upper Colorado River Basin and Colorado Water Interests, 1982
Corbridge, Soecial Water Districts - Challengefor the Future, 1983
Getches, Water Law in a Nutshell, 1984
Soil Conservation Service, Water Quality Field Guide, 1988
University of Colorado, Controlling Water Use - Unfinished Business of Quali
U.S Environmental Protection Agency Publications: Clean Water in Your Watershed: A Citizens Guide to Waterst
Protection, 1993; A Review of Ecological Assessment Case Studies from a Risk Assessment Perspective, 1993;
Resource Guide for Small Drinking Water -Systems, 1989; Residential Water Conservation. An Annotated
Bibliogranhv, 1980; Local Financino for Wellhead Protection, 1989; Wellhead Protection. A Decision Maker's
_uide, 1987; Wellhead Protection Programs: Tools for Local Governments, 1989; Septic Systems and Ground
Water Protection, 1986; The Clean Water Act - A Primer, 1992; Managing Groundwater Quality-and Quantity in
the Western States, 1992; Monitoring Guidelines to Evaluate Effects of Forestry Activities, 1991; Why Do
Wellhead Protection?1991; (Several other pertinent publications are available from the EPA).
U.S. Geological Survey et al, Water Transfer Process. Volume 1
U.S. Geological Survey, Ground Water - An Undervalued Resource
Vranesh, Colorado Citizens-Water Law Handbook, "Colorado Water: the next 100
years", 1989
Young, Understanding Water Rights and Conflicts
Wildife:
Colorado Division of Wildlife, 1991 Annual Report to the People-of Colorado , 1992
Colorado Division of Wildlife, Colorado Mammal Distribution Latilona Study. '1982
Dynesius and Nilsson, Science. Excerpt from the Rocky Mountain News, November 20, 1994.
Hunter, Better-Trout Habitat: A Guide to Stream Restoration and Manaaement, 1990. -
Stoddart and Smith, Range. Management, 1995
Thomas and Toweill, Elk of-North America: Ecologv and Management, 1982
95
Walmo, Mule and Blacktail Deer of North America, 1981
Recreation:
APA Colorado and Strugar, Outdoor Resources Training Program Manual, 1995
Colorado River Outfitters Association, CROA Newsletter - November 1994. Volume 2 Issue -1
Colorado State Parks, Colorado Greenway Planning Guide , 1994
Colorado State Trails Program, State Trails Master Plan, 1993
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, The Limits of Acceptable Change System for Wilderness Planning,
1985
U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Arkansas River Recreation Management Plan and
Environmental Analysis, 1988
U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, Instream Flows for Recreation: A Handbook on Concepts and
Research Methods, 1993
Yampa Valley Alliance, 1992. Yampa Valley Trails and Recreation Conceptual Plan and Appendix.
Riparian and Wetland:
Castelle et al, Wetland Suffers: _Use and Effectiveness, 1992
U.S. Forest Service Publications: Integrated Riparian Evaluation Guide Intermountain Region, 1992; Function and
Design for Protection and Enhancement of Water Resources, Riparian Forest Buffers, 1991
U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management Publications: Riparian Area Management Procedures for
Site Inventory, 1992; Riparian Area Management Process for Assessing Proper Functioning Condition, 1993;
Riparian Area Management Inventory and Monitoring of Riparian Areas, 1989; Riparian Area. Management Grazing
Management in Rioarian Areas, 1989; Riparian Area Mana ement-Greenline Rir)arian-- Wetland Monitorina, 993;
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Publications: Cooper, et al, Advanced Identification of Wetlands-in the -City
of Boulder Comorehensive Planning Area, 1988; A Citizen's Handbook for Wetland Protection in the Rocky
Mountain and-Northern Great Plains Regions, 1989; America's Wetlands - Our Vital Link Between Land and Water,
1988; Manaoing Change - Livestock Grazing on Western Riparian Areas, 1993;
River Systems and Multi-Objective Management:
Association of Flood Plain Managers, Multi-Obiective River Corridor Planning, 1989
Bureau of Land Management Power of Partnerships, Kitchell and Krayaenbrink, 1992
96
Communities An Annotated Bibliograohv of Ecosystem and Management Topics with Emphasis on the
Intermountain West, 1990;' Riparian-Wetland Initiative for the 1990's, 1991;
Cows, Creeks and Coooeration, 1990;:
City of Grand Junction et al, A Multi-Disciplinarv Approach to Waterfront Redevelopment and Design, A Case
Studv-of the Colorado Riverfront, Grand Junction, Colorado, 1988
City of" Evanston, Uinta County, National Park Service, The Bear River Proiect Master Plan, Evanston, Wyoming,
1992
Colorado Water Quality Forum, Colorado Watershed Protection Approach, 1994
Muller and Zwaneveld, Arkansas .River Water Needs Assessment Process, 1993
National Park Service, Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program Publications: How Greenwavs Work - A
Handbook on Ecology, 1993; Riverwork Book, 1988; Multi=obiective Flood Mitigation Plan, .Vermillion_R ver Basin,
South Dakota 1994; Economic Benefits of Protecting Rivers, Trails and Greenwav Corridors: a Resource-Book
1989; A Multi-Obiective, Planning Process for-Mitigating Natural Hazards, 1994; A Casebook in Managing Rivers for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water The Watershed Approach Annual Resort 1992
Land UseTolicy and Growth:
Bruns et al, The Fifth -International Svmposium on -Society- and Resource Management, 1994
Colorado Chapter of American Planning Association, The Colorado Land Planning and Development Law Book,
1993
Dealing with Change in the Connecticut River Valley: -A Design_ Manual for Conservation and Develooment,
Massachusetts Department for Environment and Management, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy and the
Environmental Law Foundation, June 1989.
Talmey-Drake, Colorado Looks at Growth - Northwest Region, 1995
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APPENDIX G
POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES
as of 1995
STATE OR REGIONAL GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AND ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES
Monetary Grants:
Colorado Deoartment of trans nortation/ISTEA Enhancement Program: including but not limited to Pedestrian and
Bicycle Trails, Scenic Beautification, Mitigation of Water Pollution Due to Highway Runoff, Historic Preservation
incl. abandoned rail corridors.
Colorado Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation/Colorado Greenway Project: Recreational Trails.
Colorado Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation: Acquisition of Land, waters or development of outdoor
recreation facilities.
Colorado Division of Wildlife/Fishing is Fun: Fishing Oriented Projects such as parking lots, paths, habitat
improvements, easements, etc.
Colorado Division _of Wildlife /Watchable Wildlife: Interpretive displays, paths, equipment that facilitates viewing
and appreciation of wildlife
State Historical Society of Colorado/State Historical Fund: Acquisition and development of historic properties,
education, survey and planning
Colorado Deoartment of Local Affairs/Colorado Initiatives: Technical Assistance of up to $5000 for community
development projects.
Great Outdoors Colorado Trust Fund: Funds for open space, wildlife, parks, recreation, education and planning.
State Energy Impact Assistance Program: compensate for energy industry/mining impacts, trails have been
funded.
Colorado State Forest/Forest Stewardship Incentive Program: Funding for riparian' and wetland improvement,
fisheries habitat and wildlife enhancement.
Other State Resources:
State of Colorado University Programs: Colorado State Extension Service, Colorado School of Mines, DU Colorado
Center for Community Development at DU, DU Graduate School of Architecture and Planning, DU Graduate
School of Public Affairs; CU Boulder Natural Resources Law Center, CU Boulder Center for American West, all
have technical assistance/intern programs that may be interested in watershed related projects
Colorado Department of Natural Resources
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environmental Quality
Colorado Department of Health
Colorado Department of Transportation
Northwest Colorado Council of Governments
Colorado Public Utilities Commission
Colorado Scenic and Historic Byway Commission
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PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS AND ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES:
Monetary Grants
El Pomar Foundation: Open to All Proposals
Frost Foundation: Development of Environmental and Educational programs
Gates Foundation: Supports conservation and outdoor recreation, parks and trails
Johnson Foundation: Supports, education, youth, community projects
Kresoe Foundation: Capital Projects for construction or purchase of real estate, equipment
Morrison Trust: Parks and Recreation construction
REI Environmental Grants: Preservation education
Boettcher Foundation: Capital projects or acquisition
Adolf Coors Foundation: Capital projects or acquisition
Quick Foundation: Conservation, Public Recreation, Education, Historic Preservation.
Amoco--Foundation: Community_ Involvement programs
Anchutz Family Foundation: Community Cooperation programs
Arco Foundation: Environmental education and wildlife conservation
Cyprus-Amax: Environmental Affairs
Wal-Mart Foundation: Environmental Affairs, Historic Preservation
Chevron Comoration: Environment and Conservation Education, Habitat Preservation
Other Private Funding, Technical Assistance or Information Resources:
The Nature Conservancy. Trust for- Public Lands. -Colorado Ooen Lands. Colorado Coalition of Land Trusts,
American Farmland Trust. National Land'Trust Alliance/Open Space Preservation Assistance: Not grant making
entities but may provide assistance in acquisitions of open space and conservation easements. May make
emergency purchases of threatened open space or habitat on behalf of local governments/non-profits with
reimbursement terms.
Colorado Trout Unlimited/Stream Improvement: Restructuring Streams, bank stabilization, erosion control and
revegetation on public lands
Colorado Parks and Recreation Association Foundation/Tree Planting Program: Tree planting in parks or other
public areas maintained by a public agency
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Volunteers For Outdoor Colorado or Colorado Mountain Club: Provide volunteers for trail construction, maintain,
wildlife habitat improvement, tree planting, riverway and riparian habitat restoration, boardwalk construction.
Ducks-Unlimited Marsh Program: Protect and enhance waterfowl habitat
Local Volunteer Organizations. Youth Groups or Foundations
Colorado Center for Environmental Management
Colorado Wildlife Federation
Public Service Company of Colorado
Colorado Environmental Coalition
Colorado Historical Society
Colorado/Eagle County Cattlemen's Association
Colorado Woolgrowers Association
Colorado Railroad Association
Colorado Mining Association
Colorado Association/Local Association of Homebuilders,
Colorado/Local Board of Realtors
Colorado Trail Foundation
Colorado Parks and Recreation Association
Colorado Counties, Inc.
Colorado Municipal League
Western Slope Club 20
American Association of Fundraising Councils
Community Resource Center (Colorado Grants Guide and Colorado Funding Report)
National Guide to Funding for Environmental and Animal Welfare
National Civic League
The Conservation Fund and American Greenways Program
Rails to Trails Conservancy
American Wildlands
The Audubon Society
National Recreation and Park Association
American Rivers
American Fisheries Society
American Recreation Coalition
American Water Resources Association
Interstate Council on Water Policy
The Issak Walton League of America
River Network
River Watch Network
Soil and Water Conservation Society
National Association of State Floodplain, Wetlands and River Conservation Programs
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AND ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES:
Monetary Grants or Technical Assistance Resources:
U.S. Forest Service. U.S. Bureau of Land Manaaement and National Park Service/Challenge-Cost Share Programs:
Trails, outdoor recreation facilities, conservation of recreational, natural and cultural resources
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U.S. Environmental Protection Aaencv Funds: Under Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act; several types
of funds available, for water quality, planning, wetlands, studies, community outreach
U.S. Department-of Agriculture: Programs include Rural Clean Water Program, Soil and Water Conservation
Program, Conservation Reserve Program to remove highly erodible land from cultivation, Cooperative River Basin
Program, Urban and Community Forestry Program, Plant Materials for Conservation, Soil Surveys, Emergency
Conservation Program, Emergency Wetland and Wetlands Reserve Program including purchase of wetlands
easements from landowners, Water Bank Program, River Basin Surveys and Investigations, Watershed Protection
and Flood Prevention, FmHA Loans for flood prevention,, irrigation, drainage, water quality management,
sedimentation control, fish and wildlife development. '
National Park Service Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program: professional assistance to create'
community based conservation action for greenways, trails and river corridors
The following agencies may also be able provide funds and assistance for Eagle River Watershed Plan
implementation:
Federal Emergency Management Association
Federal Highway Administration .
Federal Transit Administration
Interstate Commerce Commission Office of Public Assistance
National Biological Service
Small Business Administration
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
U.S. Army Corp; of Engineers
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
U.S. Geological Survey
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4 - V
APPENDIX H
RELATED REGULATIONS
FEDERAL REGULATIONS:
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 - mandates assessment of environmental impact of any proposed
federal action on lands or waters of the U.S.
Clean Water Act of 1977 - The objective is to restore and maintain the- chemical, physical and biological integrity
of US waters including wetlands. The act mandates a variety of water quality and wetland protection programs.
Endangered Species Act of 1973
River and Harbor Act of 1899
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, 1977
FEDERAL AGENCIES WITH ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR WATERSHED PROGRAMS:
US Environmental Protection Agency administers the following regulatory programs:
The EPA administers educational and regulatory programs designed to protect the environment and implement
environmental laws. Programs include: pollution discharge permits e.g. wastewater, pesticide procedures, water
quality planning and management through the non-point source, clean lakes, water quality standards and coastal
zone programs, sole source aquifer protection, wetlands permits (with US Army Corps), hazardous wastes,
monitoring, surveillance and research, drinking water standards, preparation of environmental assessments,
technical assistance and overall regulatory and standards enforcement.
US Army Corps of Engineers:
Oversees construction and operation of large flood control and public water supply reservoirs and conducts water
quality monitoring on lakes within it's jurisdiction.
Cooperatively administers and enforces 404 Permits for wetlands dredge and fill with the U.S. EPA and U.S. Fish-
and Wildlife,.
Regulates in lake and shoreline development including rivers.
US Bureau of Reclamation:
Administers, constructs, oversees water supply discharge and facilities in western states
US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service:
Enforcement of federal game and fish laws
Cooperative administration of national wetlands program with U.S. EPA and Army Corps of Engineers
US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management:
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Oversight, management and monitoring of natural resources on federal BLM lands. Uses include livestock grazing,
mineral extraction, recreation and game management.
Federal Emergency Management Agency:
Administers the National Flood Insurance Program in addition to other disaster prevention and relief programs
US Department of Agriculture:
The USDA administers the following programs that may be applicable to the Eagle River Watershed: Small
Watershed Program, Resource Conservation and Development Program, Natural Resources Conservation Service
(Soil Conservation Servicel for mapping, survey and analysis, Conservation Reserve Program to remove highly
erodible land or other sensitive land from cultivation,Water Quality Incentives Program, Wetlands Reserve Program
to restore drained wetlands, including purchase of wetlands easements from landowners, Cooperative River Basin
Program, Water Bank Program for wetlands, Forestry Incentives Program, Cooperative Extension, National Forest
System and Forest Service, State and Private Forest Stewardship Initiative, Rural Clean Water Program, Urban and
Community Forestry Program, Emergency Conservation Program, Emergency Wetland Program for purchase of
wetlands easements, Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention, FmHA Loans for flood prevention, irrigation,
drainage, water quality management, sedimentation control, fish and wildlife development.
STATE AGENCIES WITH WATERSHED RELATED PROGRAMS AND ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES:
Colorado Department of Natural Resources: Division of Water Resources;
Division of Wildlife; Colorado' Water Conservation Board; Colorado State Land Board
Colorado Department of Environmental Quality
Colorado State Parks
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Colorado Department of Transportation
Colorado Office of Emergency Management
Northwest Colorado Council of Governments
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