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TC Council Packet 08-11-2009 TOWN OF AVON COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN Prepared For: Town of Avon P.O. Box 975 Avon, CO 81620 Prepared By: Felsburg Holt & Ullevig 6300 S. Syracuse Way Suite 600 Centennial, CO 80111 (303) 721-1440 Project Manager: Charles M. Buck, P.E., PTOE July 29, 2009 FHU Reference No. 08-159 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i CHAPTER 1. ROADWAY SYSTEM--------------------------------------------------------------------------1-3 1.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS---------------------------------------------------------------------1-3 1.1.1 Roadways-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-3 1.1.2 Traffic Volumes and Operations---------------------------------------------------1-8 1.2 FUTURE CONDITIONS---------------------------------------------------------------------1-14 1.2.1 Land Use------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-14 1.2.2 Traffic Volume Projections--------------------------------------------------------1-15 1.2.3 Future Traffic Operational Results----------------------------------------------1-19 1.2.4 Roadway Improvement Requirements-----------------------------------------1-25 1.2.5 Traffic Impact Evaluations---------------------------------------------------------1-26 1.3 TRAFFIC CALMING AND SAFETY------------------------------------------------------1-32 1.3.1 Alternatives----------------------------------------------------------------------------1-32 1.3.2 Application-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1-32 1.3.3 Sight Distance------------------------------------------------------------------------1-33 1.4 TOWN STANDARDS-------------------------------------------------------------------------1-34 1.4.1 Roadways-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1-34 1.4.2 Traffic Impact Study Guidelines--------------------------------------------------1-40 CHAPTER 2. BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN SYSTEM-------------------------------------------------2-1 2.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS---------------------------------------------------------------------2-1 2.1.1 Regional Trails System--------------------------------------------------------------2-1 2.1.2 Recreational Trails--------------------------------------------------------------------2-1 2.1.3 Local Bicycle/Pedestrian Connection---------------------------------------------2-3 2.2 FUTURE CONDITIONS-----------------------------------------------------------------------2-6 2.2.1 Regional and Recreational Trails Planning-------------------------------------2-6 2.2.2 Local Bicycle/Pedestrian Connections-------------------------------------------2-7 2.2.3 Potential Grade Separated Pedestrian Crossings----------------------------2-8 CHAPTER 3. TRANSIT SYSTEM-----------------------------------------------------------------------------3-1 3.1 EXISTING SERVICES-------------------------------------------------------------------------3-1 3.1.1 Town of Avon Shuttle-----------------------------------------------------------------3-1 3.1.2 Wal-Mart and Buffalo Ridge Demonstration Service----------------------3-15 3.1.3 ECO Transit Routes----------------------------------------------------------------3-16 3.1.4 Stops and Stop Amenities---------------------------------------------------------3-18 3.1.5 Fleet and Facilities------------------------------------------------------------------3-21 3.1.6 Budget and Funding----------------------------------------------------------------3-22 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 3.2 FUTURE CONDITIONS---------------------------------------------------------------------3-27 3.2.1 Planned Development--------------------------------------------------------------3-27 3.2.2 Transit Demand----------------------------------------------------------------------3-27 3.2.3 Alternatives----------------------------------------------------------------------------3-32 3.2.4 Bus Stop Improvements-----------------------------------------------------------3-39 3.2.5 Maintenance/Operations-----------------------------------------------------------3-41 3.2.6 Capital and Operating Costs------------------------------------------------------3-41 3.2.7 Funding Options---------------------------------------------------------------------3-42 3.3 Bus Stop Guidelines--------------------------------------------------------------------------3-44 CHAPTER 4. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS------------------------------------------------4-1 APPENDIX A TRAFFIC COUNTS APPENDIX B EXISTING LOS ANALYSES APPENDIX C FUTURE LOS ANALYSES Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1.1 Roadway System--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-4 Figure 1.2 Existing Summer Traffic Volumes-----------------------------------------------------------1-9 Figure 1.3 Existing Winter Traffic Volumes-----------------------------------------------------------1-10 Figure 1.4 Existing Summer Level of Service--------------------------------------------------------1-11 Figure 1.5 Existing Winter Level of Service-----------------------------------------------------------1-12 Figure 1.6 Future Summer Traffic Volumes-----------------------------------------------------------1-20 Figure 1.7 Future Winter Traffic Volumes-------------------------------------------------------------1-21 Figure 1.8 Future Summer Level of Service----------------------------------------------------------1-22 Figure 1.9 Future Winter Level of Service-------------------------------------------------------------1-23 Figure 1.10 Arterial Cross-Section------------------------------------------------------------------------1-35 Figure 1.11 Collector – Urban Cross-Section----------------------------------------------------------1-36 Figure 1.12 Collector – Rural Cross-Section-----------------------------------------------------------1-37 Figure 1.13 Local – Rural Cross-Section----------------------------------------------------------------1-38 Figure 1.14 Local – Rural Cross-Section----------------------------------------------------------------1-39 Figure 1.15 Town of Avon Transit Supportive Subareas--------------------------------------------1-43 Figure 2.1 Existing Trail System---------------------------------------------------------------------------2-2 Figure 2.2 Sidewalk Discontinuity – East Beaver Creek Boulevard------------------------------2-4 Figure 2.3 Areas of Existing Sidewalk Deficiency-----------------------------------------------------2-5 Figure 2.4 I-70 Underpass Near Metcalf Road---------------------------------------------------------2-9 Figure 2.5 Avon Road Overpass Alternatives--------------------------------------------------------2-11 Figure 2.6 Railroad Pedestrian Crossing at Stonebridge Drive----------------------------------2-13 Figure 3.1 Existing Local and Regional Bus Routes--------------------------------------------------3-2 Figure 3.2 Winter Boardings by Hour by Route--------------------------------------------------------3-6 Figure 3.3 Summer Town Route---------------------------------------------------------------------------3-7 Figure 3.4. Ridership by Stop – Winter and Summer-------------------------------------------------3-9 Figure 3.5 Summer Boardings by Hour and Route-------------------------------------------------3-10 Figure 3.6 Avon Transit Ridership by Route by Month---------------------------------------------3-11 Figure 3.7 2008 Beaver Creek Shuttle Boardings by Month--------------------------------------3-12 Figure 3.8 Avon Transit Service Hours by Route----------------------------------------------------3-13 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Page Figure 3.9 2008 Beaver Creek Shuttle Service Hours---------------------------------------------3-14 Figure 3.10 Historic Cost per Service Hour for Town Routes--------------------------------------3-25 Figure 3.11 Cost of Transit Service per Passenger--------------------------------------------------3-26 Figure 3.12 Planned Roadway and High Speed Rail------------------------------------------------3-28 Figure 3.13 Town of Avon Transit Subareas-----------------------------------------------------------3-30 Figure 3.14 Increase in Ridership as Town Builds Out----------------------------------------------3-31 Figure 3.15 Near -Term Transit Plan---------------------------------------------------------------------3-36 Figure 3.16 Areas Served by Avon Transit at Buildout----------------------------------------------3-38 Figure 3.17 Suggested Stops------------------------------------------------------------------------------3-40 Figure 4.1 Recommended Improvements---------------------------------------------------------------4-3 LIST OF TABLES Table ES-1 Improvement Cost Summary--------------------------------------------------------------------ii Table 1.1 Land Use Summary---------------------------------------------------------------------------1-14 Table 1.2 Mode Split---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-15 Table 1.3 Summer Season Trip Generation---------------------------------------------------------1-16 Table 1.4 Winter Season Trip Generation------------------------------------------------------------1-18 Table 1.5 Intersection Levels of Service--------------------------------------------------------------1-24 Table 1.6 Roadway Levels of Service-----------------------------------------------------------------1-25 Table 1.7 East Town Center Summer Trip Generation-------------------------------------------1-26 Table 1.8 East Town Center Winter Trip Generation----------------------------------------------1-27 Table 1.9 East Town Center Total Future Travel Demand---------------------------------------1-27 Table 1.10 West Town Center Summer Trip Generation------------------------------------------1-28 Table 1.11 West Town Center Winter Trip Generation---------------------------------------------1-29 Table 1.12 West Town Center Total Future Travel Demand--------------------------------------1-29 Table 1.13 Village at Avon Summer Trip Generation-----------------------------------------------1-30 Table 1.14 Village at Avon Winter Trip Generation--------------------------------------------------1-30 Table 1.15 Village at Avon Total Future Travel Demand-------------------------------------------1-30 Table 1.16 Transit Ridership as a Percentage of Vehicle Trips----------------------------------1-42 Table 2.1 Recreational Trails Capital Improvement Projects--------------------------------------2-6 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Page Table 3.1 2007/2008 Avon Winter Route Hours and Frequency of Service-------------------3-3 Table 3.2 2008/2009 Avon Winter Route Hours and Frequency of Service-------------------3-3 Table 3.3 Ridership by Stop February 18, 2008------------------------------------------------------3-5 Table 3.4 Summer Route Hours and Frequency of Service---------------------------------------3-7 Table 3.5 Ridership by Stop July 26, 2008-------------------------------------------------------------3-8 Table 3.6 2008 Boardings per Hour by Month------------------------------------------------------3-14 Table 3.7 Potential Increase in 2008 Peak Winter Day Ridership-----------------------------3-15 Table 3.8 ECO Transit Routes, Frequencies and Fares------------------------------------------3-17 Table 3.9 Transit Stop Amenities-----------------------------------------------------------------------3-21 Table 3.10 Fleet Roster-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3-22 Table 3.11 Productivity by Service Type---------------------------------------------------------------3-24 Table 3.12 Mode Share Estimates-----------------------------------------------------------------------3-29 Table 3.13 New Avon Transit Demand at Buildout (Average Winter Day)--------------------3-29 Table 3.14 Town of Avon Annual Ridership Projections at Buildout----------------------------3-31 Table 3.15 Operating Costs and Service Hour Estimate-------------------------------------------3-41 Table 3.16 Fleet Costs--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3-42 Table 4.1 Improvement Prioritization and Preliminary Cost Opinions---------------------------4-4 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Town of Avon, located in the central mountains of Colorado, has experienced rapid growth in recent years. As the gateway to the Beaver Creek Resort, Avon provides a focal point for housing, lodging and services. With abundant year-round recreational opportunities throughout the area, Avon has become an increasingly desirable place to live, work, and visit. Like many communities along the Interstate 70 mountain corridor, increasing travel demand in Avon has accompanied the regional growth in both residential and commercial development. Planned re-development of the Avon Town Center, along with anticipated new development in the Village at Avon, will also place increasing pressure on the Town’s existing transportation system. As traffic volumes grow, so too will the demand for alternative transportation modes. To maintain the quality of life in this mountain community, an integrated approach to planning for future roadway improvements, transit service enhancements, and bicycle/pedestrian facilities is required. Previous transportation planning efforts include the following reports: • AVON TRANSPORTATION PLAN, Felsburg Holt & Ullevig, December 1991. • TOWN OF AVON TRANSPORTATION PLAN UPDATE, MK Centennial, November 1996. • US 6 AND I-70 G CORRIDOR FEASIBILITY STUDY, Felsburg Holt & Ullevig, PBS & J, March 2004. These previous efforts have focused primarily on vehicular traffic, with only minimal attention to alternative travel modes. Recognizing this shortfall, the Town adopted the 2006 Comprehensive Plan that envisions a balanced, multi-modal transportation system. The purpose of the Comprehensive Transportation Plan is to support this vision by forecasting the potential future travel demand and its impacts on the multi-modal system in Avon. Existing and future deficiencies have been identified for roadways, bicycle/pedestrian facilities, and the transit system. Improvement alternatives for each mode have been developed to ensure adequate capacity through the projected year 2035. It is the Town’s goal to encourage the use of alternative transportation modes, such as walking, biking, and riding transit, by providing safe, inviting paths, walkways, and convenient bus service. A higher priority is placed on the safety and quality of the experience for pedestrians and bicyclists, with secondary consideration for roadway capacity improvements for vehicular traffic. The transit component has been structured such that it may serve as a stand-alone “Strategic Transit Plan” to assist the Town in pursuing funding options. In addition, Roadway Standards and Traffic Impact Study guidelines have been developed to assist the Town in addressing the multi-modal transportation impacts of new developments. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page ii Preliminary opinions of probable capital construction costs were developed for the roadway and pedestrian improvements. For the transit element, annual operating costs for three alternative service plans were prepared. The improvements, and potential estimated costs, are summarized as follows: • Roadways. In general, the existing and planned roadway system in Avon will accommodate the projected future traffic volumes. However, US 6 would require widening to four through-lanes at a preliminary opinion of probable cost of $34.5 million. • Bicycle/Pedestrian Facilities. Improvements include sidewalk construction, recreational trail enhancements and construction, and alternative pedestrian grade separations (overpasses or underpasses) of I-70, Avon Road, and the UPRR. The range of potential costs for these improvements is $3.85 million to $7.22 million, depending on alternatives. • Transit. Proposed service plans includes costs associated with enhanced service on existing routes, new routes, ridership increases, transit stops and shelters, fleet additions, and maintenance. The Near Term plan would have an annual operating cost of about $2.0 million. The range of annual operating costs in the Long Term future is between $4.3 million and $4.9 million per year. The following summarizes the above costs: Table ES-1 Improvement Cost Summary Mode Description Cost (Millions) US 6, widen to 4 lanes $34.5 Swift Gulch/Nottingham Roundabout $1.0Roadway Beaver Creek Boulevard Streetscape and Lane Reductions $0.75 Sidewalk Construction $1.43 Recreational Trails $0.77 I-70 pedestrian crossing at Metcalf Road $0.97 to $2.2 Pedestrian Crossing over Avon Road at Main Street $0.51 to $1.8 RR Pedestrian Crossing at Eaglebend $1.4 to $2.2 I-70 Pedestrian Crossing from Buffalo Ridge $2.0 Metcalf Road Bike Lanes $0.5 Pedestrian Connection under US 6, over River $1.5 Nottingham Road/Buck Creek Connection $0.05 Non-Motorized West Beaver Creek Boulevard/Nottingham Park Connection $0.05 Near Term (annual operating cost) $2.0Transit Long Term (annual operating cost) $3.4 to $5.3 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-3 CHAPTER 1. ROADWAY SYSTEM 1.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS 1.1.1 Roadways The Town of Avon is situated along Interstate 70 between Vail and Edwards. US 6, which parallels the freeway, provides local access as well as secondary east-west regional connection within the Vail Valley. Avon Road provides primary access to the freeway, linking I-70 with US 6. Secondary interstate access is available at Post Boulevard, located east of Avon Road within the Village at Avon. Between I-70 and US 6, the Eagle River and the Union Pacific Railroad Tennessee Pass line (now inactive), constrain the ability to expand the existing roadway system. The existing roadway system within Avon is depicted on Figure 1.1. A field inventory was conducted to establish existing physical characteristics for primary roadways within the Town. Primary Arterials I-70. Providing primary east-west regional connection through Colorado, this four-lane freeway bisects the Town of Avon. Interchange accesses are provided at Avon Road and Post Boulevard. East of Avon, I-70 is posted at 65 miles per hour (MPH). To the west, the speed limit is posted 75 MPH. US 6. This arterial state highway consists of a basic two-lane cross section with auxiliary turn lanes at major intersections and access points. Shoulders are generally paved with a minimum width of 2 feet. The posted speed limit varies between 35 and 45 miles MPH, with a 25 MPH school zone within Eagle-Vail. A detached bike/ped trail parallels US 6 for much of its length through Avon; the trail is discontinuous between West Beaver Creek Boulevard and Benchmark Road and east of Stonebridge Drive. Adjacent land uses include both residential and commercial uses. Avon Road. This arterial Town road consists of a basic four-lane urban cross section between I-70 and US 6, with some auxiliary laneage at major intersections. Traffic control is accomplished through roundabouts at major intersections. Shoulders have been replaced with curb and gutter, and a sidewalk is provided along both side of the roadway. The posted speed limit on Avon Road is 25 MPH. Adjacent land uses are generally lodging or commercial. Roads North of I-70 Nottingham Road. An extension of Avon Road, this collector roadway trends north and west from the I-70 interchange. The cross-section is generally two- lane, with no bike lanes, and the shoulders vary from unpaved to paved with a maximum width of two feet. There is a parallel, paved separate bike/pedestrian trail along the south side of Nottingham Road. The posted speed limit is 30 MPH. The adjacent land uses are high-density residential and commercial uses with numerous accesses. Roadway System Figure 1.1 Avon Transportation Plan 08-159 5/26/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT & ULLEVIG = AM(PM) Peak Hour Traffic Volumes = Daily Traffic Volumes = AM/PM Peak Hour Signalized Intersection Level of Service = AM/PM Peak Hour Unsignalized Intersection Level of Service = Site Trip Distribution = Stop Sign = Traffic Signal XXX(XXX) LEGEND X/X x/x XX% XXXX = AM(PM) Peak Hour Weave Level of Service = (Type in what this represents) = Turning Bay = Lane Drop = Roundabout LEGEND (Specialties) ✽ X/X Road Name Road Road Future Interstate SITE Dash Line Library Waterway Railroad 2 Railroad 1 Crosswalk Curb Dash Measurement 300' NOTE: Drawing Not to Scale MAXIMUM SIZE for Site Plans (estimates) 8.5x11 vertical > Width = 7.35" / Heigth = 8.9" horizontal > Width = 10" / Heigth = 6.25" 11x17 vertical > Width = 10" / Heigth = 14.7" horizontal > Width = 15.8" / Heigth = 8.8" Page # 50%50%50%50% 50%50% 50%50%50%50% 50%50% 50%50% 50%50%50%50%E-470E-470 STOP ALL WAY STOP 1196611966 74 28 90Bus25 465 40285 3707 C470C47040285 FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG engineeringpathstotransportationsolutions Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-5 Metcalf Road. This two-lane collector facility trends north from Nottingham Road into mountainous terrain. There are no bike lanes, and the shoulders are unpaved with a maximum width of two feet. The posted speed limit is 35 MPH with 25 MPH posted through the commercial area. The adjacent land uses transition from commercial uses on the south to multi-family residential housing. Wildridge Road. This two-lane local road is an extension of Metcalf Road, winding through low-density residential housing on the mountainside above the Avon core area. A paved bicycle/pedestrian lane has recently been added to Wildridge Road, beginning at the Old Trail Road intersection. This lane varies from six to eight feet in width and is denoted with channelizing lines, pedestrian symbol pavement markings, and rumble strips. The speed limit is posted 25 MPH. Wildwood Road. Branching east from Metcalf Road, this two-lane local road follows steep grades and sharp curves. There are no marked bike lanes, and the shoulders vary between paved and unpaved, up to two feet in width. The posted speed limit is 25 MPH. The adjacent land uses are primarily residential. Buck Creek Road. This two-lane collector extends north from Nottingham Road, trending west and north into low-density residential neighborhoods. Buck Creek Road connects with Wildwood Road, providing an alternative to Metcalf Road as a means of access for residential uses to the west. There are no marked bike lanes, and the shoulders vary between paved and unpaved, with a maximum width of two feet. The speed limit is posted 30 MPH. Swift Gulch Road. Running along the north side of I-70 from Nottingham Road east to Post Boulevard, this two-lane collector roadway serves multi-family uses as well as Town of Avon municipal facilities. The shoulder widths vary between two and four feet (paved), and there is a parallel paved pedestrian/bike trail along much of Swift Gulch Road. The posted speed limit changes from 25 MPH at the east end to 30 MPH at the west end. Roads East of Avon Road East Beaver Creek Boulevard. This collector roadway extends east from Avon Road to Post Boulevard. Immediately east of Avon Road, the cross-section transitions from five lanes to two plus a center left-turn lane. The existing land uses consist of lodging and commercial within the core area. Although sidewalks are present along both sides within the core area, they are discontinuous in places. The posted speed limit on this section is 25 MPH. East of Beaver Creek Place, the roadway narrows to two-lanes with a posted speed limit of 30 MPH to Post Boulevard. Although there are no marked bike lanes, there are paved shoulders of between 4 and 6 feet in width along both sides of the roadway. This is a temporary alignment, pending adjacent development within the Village at Avon. Adjacent land uses east of Chapel Place include a day-skier lot for overflow parking, a community recycling center, rodeo grounds, and a commercial snow storage site. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-6 Post Boulevard. This four-lane divided arterial road extends south from Swift Gulch Road to US 6 and has an interchange with I-70. Roundabouts at intersections provide traffic control. Curb and gutter, and attached sidewalks are provided along both side of the roadway. The posted speed limit on Post Boulevard is 30 MPH, changing to 35 MPH at the north end. Adjacent land uses are primarily commercial (Home Depot, Wal-Mart). Yoder Avenue. Trending east from Post Boulevard, this collector roadway has a basic two- lane cross-section with center left-turn lane striping. An attached sidewalk is provided along the south side of Yoder Avenue. The posted speed limit is 25 MPH. Adjacent land uses include commercial (Home Depot, Wal-Mart) and a public charter school (Stone Creek School). The school is an interim use pending development by the Public Works Department. Fawcett Road. This collector extends between Post Boulevard and Yoder Avenue, serving adjacent commercial uses. Fawcett Road has a two-lane cross-section with left-turn lanes at accesses. Curb, gutter, and sidewalk is generally provided along both sides of the roadway. There are no marked bike lanes and no speed limit signing. Benchmark Road. Extending east from Avon Road to Beaver Creek Place, this urban local/collector roadway has a basic two-lane cross-section. Benchmark Road serves lodging and commercial land uses, and has some on-street angle parking. Curb, gutter, and sidewalk is provided along both sides; however, the sidewalks are discontinuous in places. There is no speed limit signing. Beaver Creek Place. This urban local/collector roadway forms a loop, connecting at both ends to East Beaver Creek Boulevard. With a basic two-lane cross-section, Beaver Creek Place serves lodging and commercial land uses. Curb, gutter, and sidewalk is provided along both sides with some discontinuity of the sidewalks. There is no speed limit signing. Chapel Place. This urban local roadway has a basic two-lane cross-section, extending between Beaver Creek Place and East Beaver Creek Boulevard, serving commercial land uses. Curb and gutter is provided adjacent to development; paved shoulders with a maximum width of two feet are provided adjacent to undeveloped properties. Some sidewalk is provided adjacent to development, but it is discontinuous in places. There are no marked bike lanes. The speed limit is posted 25 MPH. Hurd Lane/Eaglebend Drive. Paralleling the Eagle River between US 6 and the UPRR line, this two-lane local roadway provides access to Avon Road for some commercial, but primarily residential, land uses. There are no shoulders, but a paved bicycle/pedestrian path is provided between Avon Road and Stonebridge Drive. The speed limit is posted 25 MPH. Stonebridge Drive. This short, two-lane local connects Eaglebend Drive to US 6 via a bridge over the Eagle River. Stonebridge Drive provides an alternative means of access to US 6 for residential uses along Eaglebend Drive. There are no shoulders; an attached sidewalk is provided along the west side between US 6 and the bridge. The speed limit is posted 25 MPH. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-7 Roads West of Avon Road West Beaver Creek Boulevard. This collector roadway extends west from Avon Road, trending south to intersect with US 6 at Prater Road. Immediately west of Avon Road, the cross-section is basically five lanes including auxiliary turn lanes. West of Lake Street, the cross-section transitions to two lanes. South of the Eagle River bridge, and approaching US 6, the roadway widens to provide a center left-turn lane. Sidewalks are present along both sides in various places but are discontinuous. A bike lane has been striped along the south side of West Beaver Creek Boulevard for much of its length. Adjacent land uses include lodging and commercial development between Avon Road and Lake Street, transitioning to primarily residential uses, with commercial development at the intersection with US 6. The posted speed limit is 25 MPH, except through a school zone, where it is posted 20 MPH. The intersection of US 6/West Beaver Creek Boulevard/Prater Road is signalized; this is the only signalized intersection in Avon. Benchmark Road. Extending west from Avon Road, this two-lane collector provides access for commercial and lodging developments, as well as the Town of Avon municipal offices, transit station, and Nottingham Park. A branch of Benchmark Road extends north to connect with West Beaver Creek Boulevard, serving the library, lodging, and commercial uses. A transit station is situated on the south side of Benchmark Road. There are sidewalks present along both sides of Benchmark Road west of the Transit Center; to the east, the sidewalk continues on the north side only. There are no bike lanes present. The posted speed limit is 25 MPH, with 15 MPH posted adjacent to the transit station. Lake Street. This two-lane local road winds through municipal and commercial land uses along the east side of Nottingham Park between Benchmark Road and West Beaver Creek Boulevard. There are no marked bike lanes. Sidewalks are provided along both sides of the roadway. On-street angle parking is present along much of Lake Street. The speed limit is posted 20 MPH. Two transit stops are located along Lake Street (one with a shelter). Riverfront Lane. Running parallel to and along the north side of the Eagle River, this two- lane local roadway provides access to Avon Road for ongoing lodging and commercial development. An at-grade crossing of the railroad provides connection to Lake Street north of the railroad tracks. The cross-section includes curb, gutter, and an attached sidewalk along the south side. A pedestrian connection to the Avon Transit Center is provided via Lettuce Shed Lane. The speed limit is posted 25 MPH. The above descriptions of roadway physical characteristics comprise the primary existing roadway system in Avon; there are other minor roads that serve local access needs. It can be seen, however, that Avon roadways range from two-lane rural configurations to multi-lane urban streets. Within these two types of roadways (rural and urban), there is little consistency or continuity in the physical characteristics, particularly in the treatment of bicycle/pedestrian facilities and speed limits. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-8 1.1.2 Traffic Volumes and Operations AM and PM Peak hour traffic counts were collected at all study intersections on July 28th, 2008 (traffic count data is included in Appendix A). This date coincides with the Town of Avon’s annual traffic counting program, when 24-hour counts along key roadway segments are conducted. The morning counts were collected from 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM and the afternoon counts were collected from 4:00 PM to 6:00 PM. The peak hours were determined to be 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM and 4:15 PM to 5:15 PM. Peak hour traffic counts were also conducted during February 2009 at key intersections; these counts formed the basis for an analysis of peak winter ski season conditions. The existing traffic volumes are summarized on Figure 1.2 (summer) and Figure 1.3 (winter). These traffic counts were used as the basis for intersection and roadway level of service analyses. Level of Service (LOS) is a qualitative measure of traffic operational conditions based on roadway capacity and motorist delay. The 2000 HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL defines six levels of service, ranging from A to F, with LOS A representing the best possible operating conditions and LOS F representing over-capacity, or congested conditions. Per current Town of Avon standards, C is the lowest acceptable LOS for peak hour roadway operations and D is the lowest LOS for peak hour intersection operations. LOS analyses were completed for both summer and winter peak hour conditions at all intersections. Roadway level of service analyses were also completed for Avon Road between US 6 and I-70 Westbound Ramps and for US 6 between West Beaver Creek Boulevard and Avon Road. Of the ten study intersections, five are multi-lane roundabouts, one is a signalized intersection, and four are stop-controlled intersections. All roundabouts were analyzed using Sidra Intersection software. All other study intersections were analyzed using Synchro 7 software. Level of service worksheets are included in Appendix B. The existing lane geometries and levels of service can be seen on Figures 1.4 and 1.5 for summer and winter conditions. During the summer, all roundabouts currently operate at LOS A during both peak hours. The signalized intersection at US 6/West Beaver Creek Boulevard (Prater Road) currently operates at LOS C during both peak hours. All movements at all stop- controlled intersections operate at LOS C or better during both peak hours. For the peak winter ski season conditions it was determined that, all roundabouts would operate at LOS A or B during both peak hours, although some periods of congestion may be experienced due to fluctuations in traffic flow. The winter roundabout analyses included adjustment factors to account for reduced capacity due to snowy conditions. Winter operations at the US 6/West Beaver Creek Boulevard (Prater Road) intersection are currently at LOS C during both peak hours. All movements at the stop-controlled intersections operate at LOS B or better during both peak hours. 10Miles86420 Existing Summer Traffic Volumes Figure 1.2 Avon Transportation Plan 08-159 05/26/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT & ULLEVIG = AM(PM) Peak Hour Traffic VolumesXXX(XXX) LEGEND Av o n R o a d W . B e a v e r C r e e k B l v d . E. Be a v e r Hurd L a n e W . B e a v e r C reek Blvd. Avon Rd./I-70 West RampsAvon Rd./I-70 East RampsAvon Rd./W. Beaver Creek Blvd.Avon Rd./Benchmark Rd.Avon Rd./Hurd Lane Avon Rd./US 6 W. Beaver Creek Blvd./US 6E. Beaver Creek Blvd./Beaver Creek Pl.Benchmark Rd./Chapel Pl.E. Beaver Creek Blvd./Beaver Creek Pl. River f r o n t L a n e Road Road Future Interstate SITE Dash Line Library Waterway Railroad 2 Railroad 1 Crosswalk Curb Dash Measurement 300' NOTE: Drawing Not to Scale MAXIMUM SIZE for Site Plans (estimates) 8.5x11 vertical > Width = 7.35" / Heigth = 8.9" horizontal > Width = 10" / Heigth = 6.25" 11x17 vertical > Width = 10" / Heigth = 14.7" horizontal > Width = 15.8" / Heigth = 8.8" Page # 50%50% 50%50% 50%50% 50%50%50%50% 50%50% 50%50% 50%50%50%50% 12 0 ( 1 0 0 ) 27 0 ( 2 8 0 ) 160(85)95(215) 10 5 ( 1 4 5 ) 19 0 ( 2 8 0 ) 75(60)140(315) 29 0 ( 4 4 0 ) 75 ( 5 5 ) 22 0 ( 3 6 5 ) 17 0 ( 2 4 0 ) 135(250)50(170)30(65) 90(85)95(140)70(65) 4 5 ( 1 2 5 ) 27 5 ( 4 4 0 ) 6 0 ( 1 4 0 ) 3 5 ( 1 0 5 ) 18 0 ( 2 6 0 ) 60 ( 8 5 ) 145(170) 10(25) 10 ( 5 ) 38 0 ( 7 3 0 ) 6 5 ( 1 2 5 ) 5( 5 ) 28 0 ( 5 2 5 ) 70 ( 6 5 ) 15(45)5(5)50(220) 90(125) 60 ( 5 5 ) 31 5 ( 5 1 5 ) 80 ( 8 0 ) 26 0 ( 4 0 5 ) 85 ( 2 1 0 ) 20(40)5(15) 30(55)30(55) 35 ( 8 0 ) 5( 3 5 ) 70(245)5(15) 105(210)40(95) 3 0 ( 1 1 5 ) 5( 3 0 ) 65(155)5(5) 75(125)60(170) 3 0 ( 1 6 0 ) 5( 2 0 ) 105(130)130(210)40(55) 55(185)130(185)95(45) 11 5 ( 2 8 5 ) 23 5 ( 4 0 0 ) 40 ( 7 0 ) 10 ( 2 5 ) 19 0 ( 2 8 5 ) 6 5 ( 2 1 5 ) 30(70)195(345)35(45) 40(65)210(270)95(120) 55 ( 1 0 0 ) 15 ( 2 5 ) 30 ( 4 5 ) 35 ( 9 5 ) 5( 4 0 ) 30 ( 5 0 ) 10 3 2 1 8 9 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 54 6 7 8 109 6 70 FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG engineeringpathstotransportationsolutions NE W C O L O R P A L E T T E S PALETTE 1 C = 64 M = 98 Y = 26 K = 18 C = 30 M = 100 Y = 78 K = 37 C = 3 M = 0 Y = 73 K = 0 C = 48 M = 43 Y = 100 K = 19 C = 100 M = 78 Y = 25 K = 9 C = 5 M = 76 Y = 87 K = 1 C = 0 M = 38 Y = 83 K = 0 PALETTE 2 Pantone 5487 C = 68 M = 11 Y = 35 K = 0 C = 50 M = 3 Y = 24 K = 0 C = 21 M = 60 Y = 43 K = 2 C = 40 M = 65 Y = 55 K = 20 C = 24 M = 82 Y = 68 K = 12 C = 37 M = 28 Y = 2 K = 0 PALETTE 3 Pantone 1675 C = 4 M = 45 Y = 67 K = 0 C = 35 M = 80 Y = 100 K = 46 C = 90 M = 32 Y = 94 K = 23 C = 72 M = 0 Y = 75 K = 0 C = 40 M = 0 Y = 46 K = 0 C = 80 M = 47 Y = 27 K = 0 PALETTE 4 Pantone 1675 C = 35 M = 79 Y = 100 K = 45 C = 0 M = 56 Y = 86 K = 0 C = 99 M = 71 Y = 36 K = 20 C = 82 M = 38 Y = 10 K = 0 C = 57 M = 0 Y = 14 K = 0 C = 26 M = 42 Y = 50 K = 1 PALETTE 5 Pantone 137 C = 24 M = 29 Y = 100 K = 1 C = 41 M = 37 Y = 73 K = 9 C = 48 M = 18 Y = 0 K = 0 C = 73 M = 7 Y = 19 K = 0 C = 67 M = 32 Y = 36 K = 3 C = 16 M = 87 Y = 100 K = 5 PALETTE 6 Pantone 350 C = 85 M = 16 Y = 100 K = 4 C = 93 M = 100 Y = 3 K = 3 C = 39 M = 91 Y = 82 K = 61 C = 37 M = 48 Y = 100 K = 16 C = 12 M = 28 Y = 84 K = 1 C = 7 M = 69 Y = 77 K = 1 PALETTE 7 C = 15 M = 100 Y = 90 K = 10 C = 14 M = 47 Y = 100 K = 1 C = 53 M = 0 Y = 100 K = 0 C = 66 M = 0 Y = 20 K = 0 C = 79 M = 84 Y = 0 K = 0 C = 66 M = 33 Y = 55 K = 0 C = 27 M = 78 Y = 88 K = 20 Ma r c h 2 0 , 2 0 0 8 Creek Blvd. Creek P l . B e a v e r C h a p e l P l . Benc h Pl. mark Villag e Road Lake S t . 10Miles86420 Existing Winter Traffic Volumes Figure 1.3 Avon Transportation Plan REV 08-159 05/26/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT & ULLEVIG = AM(PM) Peak Hour Traffic VolumesXXX(XXX) LEGEND Av o n R o a d W . B e a v e r C r e e k B l v d . E. Be a v e r Hurd L a n e W . B e a v e r C reek Blvd. Avon Rd./I-70 West RampsAvon Rd./I-70 East RampsAvon Rd./W. Beaver Creek Blvd.Avon Rd./Benchmark Rd.Avon Rd./Hurd Lane Avon Rd./US 6 W. Beaver Creek Blvd./US 6E. Beaver Creek Blvd./Beaver Creek Pl.Benchmark Rd./Chapel Pl.E. Beaver Creek Blvd./Beaver Creek Pl. River f r o n t L a n e Lake S t . Road Road Future Interstate SITE Dash Line Library Waterway Railroad 2 Railroad 1 Crosswalk Curb Dash Measurement 300' NOTE: Drawing Not to Scale MAXIMUM SIZE for Site Plans (estimates) 8.5x11 vertical > Width = 7.35" / Heigth = 8.9" horizontal > Width = 10" / Heigth = 6.25" 11x17 vertical > Width = 10" / Heigth = 14.7" horizontal > Width = 15.8" / Heigth = 8.8" Page # 50%50% 50%50% 50%50% 50%50%50%50% 50%50% 50%50% 50%50%50%50% 45 ( 1 2 0 ) 34 5 ( 2 4 5 ) 25(100)295(260) 70 ( 1 6 5 ) 15 5 ( 3 5 0 ) 35(40)215(220) 54 5 ( 4 4 5 ) 95 ( 6 0 ) 19 0 ( 4 7 5 ) 20 5 ( 3 9 5 ) 120(250)35(115)25(50) 110(155)45(120)75(120) 9 5 ( 1 8 5 ) 55 0 ( 2 7 0 ) 85 ( 2 0 5 ) 4 5 ( 1 3 5 ) 21 0 ( 4 6 5 ) 15 ( 1 2 0 ) 150(170) 10(20) 10 ( 5 ) 65 0 ( 4 9 5 ) 4 5 ( 1 5 5 ) 5( 5 ) 22 0 ( 6 7 5 ) 50 ( 5 0 ) 30(55)5(5)45(170) 80(95) 50 ( 5 5 ) 60 0 ( 3 8 5 ) 60 ( 4 0 ) 23 0 ( 6 6 5 ) 70 ( 1 4 0 ) 15(35)5(15) 25(45)25(45) 30 ( 7 0 ) 5( 3 0 ) 60(210)5(15) 90(180)35(80) 25 ( 9 5 ) 5( 3 0 ) 55(130)5(5) 65(105)50(145) 2 5 ( 1 3 5 ) 5 ( 1 5 ) 40(195)130(240)40(45) 45(240)170(245)95(25) 21 0 ( 2 0 0 ) 35 0 ( 1 1 5 ) 10 0 ( 1 9 5 ) 10 ( 6 0 ) 19 0 ( 2 9 0 ) 65 ( 5 5 ) 25(60)135(315)30(40) 35(55)260(430)80(100) 45 ( 8 5 ) 30 ( 3 0 ) 30 ( 5 0 ) 30 ( 8 0 ) 15 ( 4 0 ) 25 ( 4 0 ) 10 3 2 1 8 9 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 54 6 7 8 109 6 70 FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG engineeringpathstotransportationsolutions NE W C O L O R P A L E T T E S PALETTE 1 C = 64 M = 98 Y = 26 K = 18 C = 30 M = 100 Y = 78 K = 37 C = 3 M = 0 Y = 73 K = 0 C = 48 M = 43 Y = 100 K = 19 C = 100 M = 78 Y = 25 K = 9 C = 5 M = 76 Y = 87 K = 1 C = 0 M = 38 Y = 83 K = 0 PALETTE 2 Pantone 5487 C = 68 M = 11 Y = 35 K = 0 C = 50 M = 3 Y = 24 K = 0 C = 21 M = 60 Y = 43 K = 2 C = 40 M = 65 Y = 55 K = 20 C = 24 M = 82 Y = 68 K = 12 C = 37 M = 28 Y = 2 K = 0 PALETTE 3 Pantone 1675 C = 4 M = 45 Y = 67 K = 0 C = 35 M = 80 Y = 100 K = 46 C = 90 M = 32 Y = 94 K = 23 C = 72 M = 0 Y = 75 K = 0 C = 40 M = 0 Y = 46 K = 0 C = 80 M = 47 Y = 27 K = 0 PALETTE 4 Pantone 1675 C = 35 M = 79 Y = 100 K = 45 C = 0 M = 56 Y = 86 K = 0 C = 99 M = 71 Y = 36 K = 20 C = 82 M = 38 Y = 10 K = 0 C = 57 M = 0 Y = 14 K = 0 C = 26 M = 42 Y = 50 K = 1 PALETTE 5 Pantone 137 C = 24 M = 29 Y = 100 K = 1 C = 41 M = 37 Y = 73 K = 9 C = 48 M = 18 Y = 0 K = 0 C = 73 M = 7 Y = 19 K = 0 C = 67 M = 32 Y = 36 K = 3 C = 16 M = 87 Y = 100 K = 5 PALETTE 6 Pantone 350 C = 85 M = 16 Y = 100 K = 4 C = 93 M = 100 Y = 3 K = 3 C = 39 M = 91 Y = 82 K = 61 C = 37 M = 48 Y = 100 K = 16 C = 12 M = 28 Y = 84 K = 1 C = 7 M = 69 Y = 77 K = 1 PALETTE 7 C = 15 M = 100 Y = 90 K = 10 C = 14 M = 47 Y = 100 K = 1 C = 53 M = 0 Y = 100 K = 0 C = 66 M = 0 Y = 20 K = 0 C = 79 M = 84 Y = 0 K = 0 C = 66 M = 33 Y = 55 K = 0 C = 27 M = 78 Y = 88 K = 20 Ma r c h 2 0 , 2 0 0 8 Creek Blvd. Creek P l . B e a v e r C h a p e l P l . Benc h Pl. mark Villag e Road 10Miles86420 Existing Summer Level of Service Figure 1.4 Avon Transportation Plan 08-159 05/26/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT & ULLEVIG = AM/PM Peak Hour Signalized Intersection Level of Service = AM/PM Peak Hour Unsignalized Intersection Level of Service = Stop Sign = Traffic Signal X/X x/x LEGEND Av o n R o a d W . B e a v e r C r e e k B l v d . E. Be a v e r Hurd L a n e W . B e a v e r C reek Blvd. Avon Rd./I-70 West RampsAvon Rd./I-70 East RampsAvon Rd./W. Beaver Creek Blvd.Avon Rd./Benchmark Rd.Avon Rd./Hurd Lane Avon Rd./US 6 W. Beaver Creek Blvd./US 6E. Beaver Creek Blvd./Beaver Creek Pl.Benchmark Rd./Chapel Pl.E. Beaver Creek Blvd./Beaver Creek Pl. River f r o n t L a n e Lake S t . Road Road Future Interstate SITE Dash Line Library Waterway Railroad 2 Railroad 1 Crosswalk Curb Dash Measurement 300' NOTE: Drawing Not to Scale MAXIMUM SIZE for Site Plans (estimates) 8.5x11 vertical > Width = 7.35" / Heigth = 8.9" horizontal > Width = 10" / Heigth = 6.25" 11x17 vertical > Width = 10" / Heigth = 14.7" horizontal > Width = 15.8" / Heigth = 8.8" Page # 50%50% 50%50% 50%50% 50%50%50%50% 50%50% 50%50% 50%50%50%50% b/b A/A A/A A/A A/A a/ a a/b a/ a A/A C/C a/aa/a a/a a/ a a/a a/ c a/ a a/aa/a a/b a/ b 10 3 2 1 8 9 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 54 6 7 8 109 6 70 FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG engineeringpathstotransportationsolutions NE W C O L O R P A L E T T E S PALETTE 1 C = 64 M = 98 Y = 26 K = 18 C = 30 M = 100 Y = 78 K = 37 C = 3 M = 0 Y = 73 K = 0 C = 48 M = 43 Y = 100 K = 19 C = 100 M = 78 Y = 25 K = 9 C = 5 M = 76 Y = 87 K = 1 C = 0 M = 38 Y = 83 K = 0 PALETTE 2 Pantone 5487 C = 68 M = 11 Y = 35 K = 0 C = 50 M = 3 Y = 24 K = 0 C = 21 M = 60 Y = 43 K = 2 C = 40 M = 65 Y = 55 K = 20 C = 24 M = 82 Y = 68 K = 12 C = 37 M = 28 Y = 2 K = 0 PALETTE 3 Pantone 1675 C = 4 M = 45 Y = 67 K = 0 C = 35 M = 80 Y = 100 K = 46 C = 90 M = 32 Y = 94 K = 23 C = 72 M = 0 Y = 75 K = 0 C = 40 M = 0 Y = 46 K = 0 C = 80 M = 47 Y = 27 K = 0 PALETTE 4 Pantone 1675 C = 35 M = 79 Y = 100 K = 45 C = 0 M = 56 Y = 86 K = 0 C = 99 M = 71 Y = 36 K = 20 C = 82 M = 38 Y = 10 K = 0 C = 57 M = 0 Y = 14 K = 0 C = 26 M = 42 Y = 50 K = 1 PALETTE 5 Pantone 137 C = 24 M = 29 Y = 100 K = 1 C = 41 M = 37 Y = 73 K = 9 C = 48 M = 18 Y = 0 K = 0 C = 73 M = 7 Y = 19 K = 0 C = 67 M = 32 Y = 36 K = 3 C = 16 M = 87 Y = 100 K = 5 PALETTE 6 Pantone 350 C = 85 M = 16 Y = 100 K = 4 C = 93 M = 100 Y = 3 K = 3 C = 39 M = 91 Y = 82 K = 61 C = 37 M = 48 Y = 100 K = 16 C = 12 M = 28 Y = 84 K = 1 C = 7 M = 69 Y = 77 K = 1 PALETTE 7 C = 15 M = 100 Y = 90 K = 10 C = 14 M = 47 Y = 100 K = 1 C = 53 M = 0 Y = 100 K = 0 C = 66 M = 0 Y = 20 K = 0 C = 79 M = 84 Y = 0 K = 0 C = 66 M = 33 Y = 55 K = 0 C = 27 M = 78 Y = 88 K = 20 Ma r c h 2 0 , 2 0 0 8 Creek Blvd. Creek P l . B e a v e r C h a p e l P l . Benc h Pl. mark Villag e Road 10Miles86420 Existing Winter Level of Service Figure 1.5 Avon Transportation Plan REV 08-159 05/26/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT & ULLEVIG Lake S t . = AM/PM Peak Hour Signalized Intersection Level of Service = AM/PM Peak Hour Unsignalized Intersection Level of Service = Stop Sign = Traffic Signal X/X x/x LEGEND Av o n R o a d W . B e a v e r C r e e k B l v d . E. Be a v e r Hurd L a n e W . B e a v e r C reek Blvd. Avon Rd./I-70 West RampsAvon Rd./I-70 East RampsAvon Rd./W. Beaver Creek Blvd.Avon Rd./Benchmark Rd.Avon Rd./Hurd Lane Avon Rd./US 6 W. Beaver Creek Blvd./US 6E. Beaver Creek Blvd./Beaver Creek Pl.Benchmark Rd./Chapel Pl.E. Beaver Creek Blvd./Beaver Creek Pl. River f r o n t L a n e Road Road Future Interstate SITE Dash Line Library Waterway Railroad 2 Railroad 1 Crosswalk Curb Dash Measurement 300' NOTE: Drawing Not to Scale MAXIMUM SIZE for Site Plans (estimates) 8.5x11 vertical > Width = 7.35" / Heigth = 8.9" horizontal > Width = 10" / Heigth = 6.25" 11x17 vertical > Width = 10" / Heigth = 14.7" horizontal > Width = 15.8" / Heigth = 8.8" Page # 50%50% 50%50% 50%50% 50%50%50%50% 50%50% 50%50% 50%50%50%50% b/b A/A A/A A/A A/A a/ b b/b a/ a A/A C/C a/aa/a a/a a/ a a/a a/ b a/ a a/aa/a a/a a/ a 10 3 2 1 8 9 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 54 6 7 8 109 6 70 FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG engineeringpathstotransportationsolutions NE W C O L O R P A L E T T E S PALETTE 1 C = 64 M = 98 Y = 26 K = 18 C = 30 M = 100 Y = 78 K = 37 C = 3 M = 0 Y = 73 K = 0 C = 48 M = 43 Y = 100 K = 19 C = 100 M = 78 Y = 25 K = 9 C = 5 M = 76 Y = 87 K = 1 C = 0 M = 38 Y = 83 K = 0 PALETTE 2 Pantone 5487 C = 68 M = 11 Y = 35 K = 0 C = 50 M = 3 Y = 24 K = 0 C = 21 M = 60 Y = 43 K = 2 C = 40 M = 65 Y = 55 K = 20 C = 24 M = 82 Y = 68 K = 12 C = 37 M = 28 Y = 2 K = 0 PALETTE 3 Pantone 1675 C = 4 M = 45 Y = 67 K = 0 C = 35 M = 80 Y = 100 K = 46 C = 90 M = 32 Y = 94 K = 23 C = 72 M = 0 Y = 75 K = 0 C = 40 M = 0 Y = 46 K = 0 C = 80 M = 47 Y = 27 K = 0 PALETTE 4 Pantone 1675 C = 35 M = 79 Y = 100 K = 45 C = 0 M = 56 Y = 86 K = 0 C = 99 M = 71 Y = 36 K = 20 C = 82 M = 38 Y = 10 K = 0 C = 57 M = 0 Y = 14 K = 0 C = 26 M = 42 Y = 50 K = 1 PALETTE 5 Pantone 137 C = 24 M = 29 Y = 100 K = 1 C = 41 M = 37 Y = 73 K = 9 C = 48 M = 18 Y = 0 K = 0 C = 73 M = 7 Y = 19 K = 0 C = 67 M = 32 Y = 36 K = 3 C = 16 M = 87 Y = 100 K = 5 PALETTE 6 Pantone 350 C = 85 M = 16 Y = 100 K = 4 C = 93 M = 100 Y = 3 K = 3 C = 39 M = 91 Y = 82 K = 61 C = 37 M = 48 Y = 100 K = 16 C = 12 M = 28 Y = 84 K = 1 C = 7 M = 69 Y = 77 K = 1 PALETTE 7 C = 15 M = 100 Y = 90 K = 10 C = 14 M = 47 Y = 100 K = 1 C = 53 M = 0 Y = 100 K = 0 C = 66 M = 0 Y = 20 K = 0 C = 79 M = 84 Y = 0 K = 0 C = 66 M = 33 Y = 55 K = 0 C = 27 M = 78 Y = 88 K = 20 Ma r c h 2 0 , 2 0 0 8 Creek Blvd. Creek P l . B e a v e r C h a p e l P l . Benc h Pl. mark Villag e Road Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-13 Roadway segment LOS analyses were also conducted along Avon Road and US 6 for both summer and winter conditions. The roadway segments were analyzed based on criteria contained in the Highway Capacity Manual (TRB, 2000, Chapter 15). Travel time delays were calculated using a combination of approach delays extracted from the Synchro output for signalized and stop-controlled intersections and NCHRP Report 572 for roundabouts. It was found that both Avon Road and US 6 currently operate at LOS B during both summer and winter seasons within the study area. These results were then cross-checked with computerized simulations of roadway traffic operations using SIM Traffic; the simulation output compared very well with the calculated LOS results. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-14 1.2 FUTURE CONDITIONS 1.2.1 Land Use Potential future land use increases include the redevelopment of East Town Center and West Town Center, as well as the completion of the Village at Avon, Riverfront, Wildridge, Buck Creek, Swift Gulch, Benchmark at Beaver Creek and the Folson Annex. These developments would result in a total net increase of 4,837 residential units, 140,000 square feet of office space, 250,000 square feet of retail space, and 4,700 square feet of industrial use based on land use projections provided by the Town. The existing, net increase, and total land use for each sub-area are summarized in Table 1.1. East Town Center, West Town Center and the Village at Avon will consist of residential, office and retail land uses. Riverfront will consist of residential and retail land uses, while the remaining four developments will consist only of residences. Table 1.1 Land Use Summary Land Uses Development Existing Net Increase Total East Town Center Residential390 DU 540 DU 930 DU Office87 KSF 25 KSF 112 KSF Retail253 KSF 25 KSF 278 KSF West Town Center Residential155 DU 538 DU 693 DU Office75 KSF 15 KSF 90 KSF Retail50 KSF 70 KSF 120 KSF The Village at Avon Residential244 DU 2156 DU 2400 DU Office40 KSF 100 KSF 140 KSF Retail353 KSF 155 KSF 508 KSF Riverfront Residential181 DU 275 DU 456 DU Retail31 KSF 0 KSF 31 KSF Wildridge/Mountain Star Residential681 DU 270 DU 951 DU Swift Gulch Residential0 DU 36 DU 36 DU Industrial28 KSF 47 KSF 75 KSF Buck Creek Residential0 DU 42 DU 42 DU Public Use0 N/A N/A Folson Annex Residential0 DU 65 DU 65 DU Benchmark at Beaver Creek Residential2105 DU 915 DU 3020 DU Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-15 1.2.2 Traffic Volume Projections Future traffic volume projections for roadways within the Town of Avon were developed based on year 2035 background increases due to regional growth, potential new development within the Town, and planned redevelopment of existing land uses. Reduction factors were applied to account for transit use based on current ridership levels. The first step was to estimate the potential increase in traffic volumes to account for background growth, which is the growth in traffic associated with regional development outside of Avon. Because any traffic using the Avon interchange on I-70 would likely be oriented to or from land uses within the Town, only through-traffic traveling along US 6 would be expected to increase due to background growth. Therefore, through-volumes on US 6 were increased using CDOT growth factors and referencing recent traffic projections from the Eagle County traffic model. To account for future potential development of the Bear Lots at Beaver Creek, traffic volumes at Prater Road were increased by a factor of 1.5. Once background traffic growth was accounted for, the next step was to calculate the volume of traffic generated by proposed developments in the area. As previously described, the developments included in the trip generation analysis are: Wildridge, Wildwood, Buck Creek, Swift Gulch, the Folson Annex, East Town Center, West Town Center, Riverfront, and the Village at Avon. Based on the net increase in land uses for each development, ITE Trip Generation (ITE Trip Generation, 7th Edition, 2008) rates for the various land uses were applied to determine the total net increase in traffic. The total number of vehicle trips attributed to the new development was reduced to account for several factors such as transit, carpool and pedestrian trips, internal trips between various land uses and seasonal variation in land use occupancy. Table 1.2 summarizes the breakdown used for mode split. The Core Area was defined as East and West Town Center, Riverfront and Eaglebend. Mountain Residential includes Wildridge, Wildwood, Buck Creek, Swift Gulch and the residential portion of the Village at Avon. All other developments were considered to be in the town peripheral for these purposes. As shown, the assignment of trips to different modes of transportation was also dependent on the type of development in addition to its location. Table 1.2 Mode Split Core Area Outer Core Mountain Residential Land Use Auto Bus TDM 1 Auto Bus TDM Auto Bus TDM Residential 85% 11% 4% 91% 5% 4% 95% 1% 4% Retail 90% 6% 4% 95% 1% 4% 96% 0% 4% Office 93% 3% 4% 95% 1% 4% 96% 0% 4% 1 Travel Demand Management (TDM) consists of programs and strategies to reduce single- occupancy vehicle trips, including carpooling, flexible work hours, work-from-home, bicycle programs or other strategies. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-16 After the mode split reduction was applied, the remaining vehicle trips were again reduced to account for internal trips between various land uses. Trips made between different developments were assigned to the roadway network, however trips between different land uses within the same development (i.e.: residential-to-retail trips within West Town Center) were not. The overall internal trip percentage for the entire study area was 7 percent. The final step in forecasting future traffic volumes was adjusting traffic volumes to account for seasonal variation. It was estimated that during the Winter (peak) season, all land uses would operate at 100 percent occupancy, and therefore no reduction to the trip generation was made. Based on existing counts, however, it was determined that overall Summer traffic volumes in Town were approximately 85 percent of winter traffic volumes. Therefore, the total net increase in traffic during the Summer season was forecasted to be 15 percent less than that of the Winter season. Table 1.3 summarizes the resultant trip generation estimates for summer and Table 1.4 summaries the winter trip generation estimates. Table 1.3 Summer Season Trip Generation Land Use Type Size Increase Units AM Total AM In AM Out PM Total PM In PM Out Daily East Town Center Condo/Townhouse 540 DU 172 32 139 203 130 73 2,266 Retail 25,000 SF 19 11 8 71 35 36 822 Office 25,000 SF 31 27 4 29 5 25 218 Sub-Total 221 71 151 303 170 133 3,306 West Town Center Condo/Townhouse 538 DU 171 32 139 202 129 73 2,258 Retail 70,000 SF 11 7 4 43 20 22 493 Office 15,000 SF 86 76 10 82 14 68 609 Sub-Total 268 115 153 327 164 163 3,361 Village at Avon Condo/Townhouse 2,063 DU 734 139 593 866 555 312 9,679 Single Family 93 DU 56 14 42 76 48 27 718 Retail 155,000 SF 125 77 48 467 229 238 5,375 Office 100,000 SF 125 107 15 118 20 98 870 Sub-Total 1,040 338 699 1,527 852 675 16,642 Riverfront Condo/Townhouse 275 DU 88 17 71 104 66 37 1,154 Sub-Total 88 17 71 104 66 37 1,154 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-17 Land Use Type Size Increase Units AM Total AM In AM Out PM Total PM In PM Out Daily Swift Gulch Condo/Townhouse 36 DU 13 3 10 15 9 6 169 Industrial 47,000 SF 59 52 8 56 9 47 417 Sub-Total 71 54 18 71 19 53 587 Buck Creek Condo/Townhouse 42 DU 14 3 12 18 11 7 199 Public Use N/A SF 66 58 8 60 10 49 427 Sub-Total 81 60 20 77 21 56 626 Folson Annex Condo/Townhouse 65 DU 22 4 18 26 17 9 291 Sub-Total 22 4 18 26 17 9 291 Benchmark at Beaver Creek Condo/Townhouse 915 DU 326 62 264 384 247 138 4,293 Sub-Total 326 62 264 384 247 138 4,293 Wildridge Condo/Townhouse 8 DU 3 1 3 3 3 1 37 Single Family 262 DU 159 41 118 214 137 77 2,025 Sub-Total 162 42 121 218 139 77 2,062 Total New Development Condo/Townhouse 4,482 DU 1,542 293 1,248 1,822 1,167 655 20,346 Single Family 355 DU 215 55 160 290 185 104 2,743 Retail 195,000 SF 155 94 60 581 284 296 6,690 Office 195,000 SF 241 210 30 230 39 190 1,697 Industrial/Commercial SF 125 110 15 116 20 96 844 Total 2,278 762 1,513 3,038 1,695 1,341 32,320 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-18 Table 1.4 Winter Season Trip Generation Land Use Type Size Increase Units AM Total AM In AM Out PM Total PM In PM Out Daily East Town Center Condo/Townhouse 540 DU 202 38 164 239 153 86 2,666 Retail 25,000 SF 22 13 9 84 41 42 967 Office 25,000 SF 36 32 5 34 6 29 256 Sub-Total 260 83 178 357 200 157 3,889 West Town Center Condo/Townhouse 538 DU 201 38 163 238 152 86 2,657 Retail 70,000 SF 13 8 5 50 24 26 580 Office 15,000 SF 101 89 12 97 17 80 717 Sub-Total 315 135 180 385 193 192 3,954 Village at Avon Condo/Townhouse 2,063 DU 863 164 698 1,019 653 367 11,387 Single Family 93 DU 66 17 49 89 57 32 845 Retail 155,000 SF 147 90 57 549 269 280 6,323 Office 100,000 SF 147 126 18 139 23 115 1,024 Sub-Total 1,223 397 822 1,796 1,002 794 19,579 Riverfront Condo/Townhouse 275 DU 103 20 83 122 78 43 1,358 Sub-Total 103 20 83 122 78 43 1,358 Swift Gulch Condo/Townhouse 36 DU 15 3 12 18 11 7 199 Industrial 47,000 SF 69 61 9 66 11 55 491 Sub-Total 84 64 21 84 22 62 690 Buck Creek Condo/Townhouse 42 DU 17 3 14 21 13 8 234 Public Use N/A SF 78 68 9 70 12 58 502 Sub-Total 95 71 23 91 25 66 736 Folson Annex Condo/Townhouse 65 DU 26 5 21 31 20 11 342 Sub-Total 26 5 21 31 20 11 342 Benchmark at Beaver Creek Condo/Townhouse 915 DU 383 73 310 452 290 162 5,050 Sub-Total 383 73 310 452 290 162 5,050 Wildridge Condo/Townhouse 8 DU 4 1 3 4 3 1 44 Single Family 262 DU 187 48 139 252 161 90 2,382 Sub-Total 191 49 142 256 164 91 2,426 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-19 Land Use Type Size Increase Units AM Total AM In AM Out PM Total PM In PM Out Daily Total New Development Condo/Townhouse 4,482 DU 1,814 345 1,468 2,144 1,373 771 23,937 Single Family 355 DU 253 65 188 341 218 122 3,227 Retail 250,000 SF 182 111 71 683 334 348 7,870 Office 140,000 SF 284 247 35 270 46 224 1,997 Industrial/Commercial 47,000 SF 147 129 18 136 23 113 993 Total 2,680 897 1,780 3,574 1,994 1,578 38,024 Trip generation for each land use was then assigned to the roadway network based on existing traffic patterns and engineering judgment. It has been estimated that of the external trips (travelling to or from destinations outside of Avon), 35 percent would travel to/from the west on I-70, 55 percent would travel to/from the east on I-70. The remaining 10 percent of external trips were assigned to US 6, based on projected congestion levels on this roadway. The resulting peak hour traffic volumes for the Winter and Summer seasons are shown on Figure 1.6 and Figure 1.7, respectively. 1.2.3 Future Traffic Operational Results Operational analyses were completed to determine the expected levels of service at all study intersections under future traffic volumes. Level of Service (LOS) is a qualitative measure of traffic operational conditions based on roadway capacity and motorist delay. The 2000 HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL defines six levels of service, ranging from A to F, with LOS A representing the best possible operating conditions and LOS F representing over-capacity, or congested conditions. Per current Town of Avon standards, C is the lowest acceptable LOS for peak hour roadway operations and D is the lowest LOS for peak hour intersection operations. LOS analyses were completed for both summer and winter peak hour conditions at all intersections. Roadway level of service analyses were also completed for Avon Road between US 6 and I-70 Westbound Ramps and for US 6 between West Beaver Creek Boulevard and Avon Road. Appendix C contains LOS worksheets for future conditions. Of the ten study intersections, five are multi-lane roundabouts, one is a signalized intersection, and four are stop-controlled intersections. All roundabouts were analyzed using Sidra Intersection software. All other study intersections were analyzed using Synchro 7 software. Level of service worksheets are included in Appendix B. The future lane geometries and levels of service can be seen on Figures 1.8 and 1.9 for summer and winter conditions. Table1.4 also summarizes the level of service results for all intersections. Because of a significant increase in background traffic expected along US 6, the analyses assume that US 6 would be widened to four lanes through Avon. During the summer, all roundabouts are expected to operate at LOS A during both peak hours with the exception of the Avon Road/US 6 intersection which is expected to operate at LOS F Future Summer Traffic Volumes Figure 1.6 Avon Transportation Plan 08-159 07/14/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG = AM(PM) Peak Hour Traffic VolumesXXX(XXX) LEGEND Av o n R o a d W . B e a v e r C r e e k B l v d . E. B e a v e r Hur d L a n e W . B e a v e r C re ek Blvd. Avon Rd./I-70 West RampsAvon Rd./I-70 East RampsAvon Rd./W. Beaver Creek Blvd.Avon Rd./Benchmark Rd.Avon Rd./Hurd Lane Avon Rd./US 6 W. Beaver Creek Blvd./US 6E. Beaver Creek Blvd./ Beaver Creek Pl. Benchmark Rd./Chapel Pl.E. Beaver Creek Blvd./ Beaver Creek Pl. Rive r f r o n t L a n e Lake S t . 26 0 ( 2 0 5 ) 55 0 ( 4 9 5 ) 270(305) 205(455) 25 0 ( 2 8 0 ) 27 5 ( 4 6 0 ) 140(200) 210(475) 46 0 ( 7 3 0 ) 30 0 ( 2 2 5 ) 38 0 ( 5 4 0 ) 37 5 ( 4 4 0 ) 205(305) 55(175) 40(75) 310(310) 100(145) 75(70) 10 5 ( 2 1 0 ) 40 0 ( 6 6 5 ) 12 0 ( 2 8 0 ) 40 ( 1 2 0 ) 25 5 ( 3 4 5 ) 65 ( 9 5 ) 145(170) 20(35) 45 ( 1 1 5 ) 45 0 ( 8 0 0 ) 65 ( 1 2 5 ) 15 ( 3 0 ) 33 5 ( 6 2 0 ) 70 ( 6 5 ) 60(90) 10(10) 60(230) 100(135) 10 5 ( 1 4 0 ) 40 5 ( 6 7 5 ) 90 ( 9 5 ) 30 5 ( 4 7 0 ) 90 ( 2 2 0 ) 30(65) 5(15) 50(70) 30(55) 35 ( 8 0 ) 5( 3 5 ) 70(245) 5(15) 105(210) 40(95) 35 ( 1 2 0 ) 5( 3 0 ) 70(170) 5(5) 95(140) 70(185) 30 ( 1 6 0 ) 5( 2 0 ) 155(205) 595(1060) 40(55) 75(225) 545(1110) 95(45) 16 0 ( 3 1 0 ) 23 5 ( 4 0 0 ) 85 ( 1 2 0 ) 10 ( 2 5 ) 19 0 ( 2 8 5 ) 65 ( 2 1 5 ) 30(70) 630(1330) 50(65) 40(65) 735(1170) 140(180) 55 ( 1 0 0 ) 15 ( 2 5 ) 30 ( 4 5 ) 50 ( 1 4 0 ) 5( 6 0 ) 45 ( 7 5 ) 10 3 2 1 8 9 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 54 6 7 8 109 6 70 Creek Blvd. Cree k P l . B e a v e r C h a p e l P l . Ben c h Pl. mark Villa g e Road Future Winter Traffic Volumes Figure 1.7 Avon Transportation Plan REV 08-159 07/14/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG = AM(PM) Peak Hour Traffic VolumesXXX(XXX) LEGEND Av o n R o a d W . B e a v e r C r e e k B l v d . E. B e a v e r Hur d L a n e W . B e a v e r C re ek Blvd. Avon Rd./I-70 West RampsAvon Rd./I-70 East RampsAvon Rd./W. Beaver Creek Blvd.Avon Rd./Benchmark Rd.Avon Rd./Hurd Lane Avon Rd./US 6 W. Beaver Creek Blvd./US 6E. Beaver Creek Blvd./ Beaver Creek Pl. Benchmark Rd./Chapel Pl.E. Beaver Creek Blvd./ Beaver Creek Pl. Riv e r f r o n t L a n e Lake S t . 20 5 ( 2 4 5 ) 68 0 ( 5 0 5 ) 150(360) 420(545) 24 0 ( 3 2 5 ) 25 0 ( 5 6 5 ) 110(205) 270(415) 74 5 ( 7 9 0 ) 35 5 ( 2 6 0 ) 38 0 ( 6 8 0 ) 49 0 ( 6 3 0 ) 240(285) 40(120) 40(60) 370(420) 50(130) 90(130) 16 5 ( 2 9 0 ) 69 5 ( 5 4 0 ) 15 0 ( 3 7 0 ) 55 ( 1 5 0 ) 30 5 ( 5 7 0 ) 20 ( 1 3 0 ) 150(170) 25(35) 50 ( 1 3 0 ) 73 5 ( 5 7 5 ) 45 ( 1 5 5 ) 20 ( 3 5 ) 29 0 ( 7 8 5 ) 50 ( 5 0 ) 90(105) 10(10) 65(185) 95(105) 10 5 ( 1 5 0 ) 70 5 ( 5 7 5 ) 70 ( 6 0 ) 28 0 ( 7 4 0 ) 80 ( 1 6 5 ) 25(55) 5(15) 25(70) 25(45) 30 ( 7 0 ) 5( 3 0 ) 60(210) 5(15) 90(180) 35(85) 30 ( 1 0 5 ) 5( 3 0 ) 60(150) 5(5) 85(120) 60(160) 25 ( 1 3 5 ) 5( 1 5 ) 100(280) 395(770) 40(45) 65(290) 610(1095) 95(25) 25 5 ( 2 3 5 ) 35 0 ( 1 1 5 ) 15 5 ( 2 5 5 ) 10 ( 6 0 ) 19 0 ( 2 9 0 ) 65 ( 5 5 ) 25(60) 440(1020) 45(60) 35(55) 975(1340) 120(150) 50 ( 8 5 ) 30 ( 3 0 ) 30 ( 5 0 ) 45 ( 1 2 0 ) 20 ( 6 0 ) 35 ( 6 0 ) 10 3 2 1 8 9 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 54 6 7 8 109 6 70 Creek Blvd. Cree k P l . B e a v e r C h a p e l P l . Ben c h Pl. mark Villa g e Road Future Summer Level of Service Figure 1.8 Avon Transportation Plan 08-159 07/14/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG = AM/PM Peak Hour Signalized Intersection Level of Service = AM/PM Peak Hour Unsignalized Intersection Level of Service = Stop Sign = Traffic Signal X/X x/x LEGEND Av o n R o a d W . B e a v e r C r e e k B l v d . E. B e a v e r Hur d L a n e W . B e a v e r C re ek Blvd. Avon Rd./I-70 West RampsAvon Rd./I-70 East RampsAvon Rd./W. Beaver Creek Blvd.Avon Rd./Benchmark Rd.Avon Rd./Hurd Lane Avon Rd./US 6 W. Beaver Creek Blvd./US 6E. Beaver Creek Blvd./ Beaver Creek Pl. Benchmark Rd./Chapel Pl.E. Beaver Creek Blvd./ Beaver Creek Pl. Rive r f r o n t L a n e Lake S t . b/b A/A A/A A/A A/A a/ b b/b a/ b A/F C/C a/a a/a a/a a/ a a/a a/ c a/ a a/a a/a a/b a/ b 10 3 2 1 8 9 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 54 6 7 8 109 6 70 Creek Blvd. Cree k P l . B e a v e r C h a p e l P l . Ben c h Pl. mark Villa g e Road Future Winter Level of Service Figure 1.9 Avon Transportation Plan REV 08-159 07/14/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG = AM/PM Peak Hour Signalized Intersection Level of Service = AM/PM Peak Hour Unsignalized Intersection Level of Service = Stop Sign = Traffic Signal X/X x/x LEGEND Av o n R o a d W . B e a v e r C r e e k B l v d . E. B e a v e r Hur d L a n e W . B e a v e r C re ek Blvd. Avon Rd./I-70 West RampsAvon Rd./I-70 East RampsAvon Rd./W. Beaver Creek Blvd.Avon Rd./Benchmark Rd.Avon Rd./Hurd Lane Avon Rd./US 6 W. Beaver Creek Blvd./US 6E. Beaver Creek Blvd./ Beaver Creek Pl. Benchmark Rd./Chapel Pl.E. Beaver Creek Blvd./ Beaver Creek Pl. Riv e r f r o n t L a n e Lake S t . b/b A/B A/C A/C A/A a/ b b/b a/ a C/F C/C a/a a/a a/a a/ a a/a a/ b a/ a a/a a/a a/a a/ a 10 3 2 1 8 9 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 54 6 7 8 109 6 70 Creek Blvd. Cree k P l . B e a v e r C h a p e l P l . Ben c h Pl. mark Villa g e Road Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-24 during the PM peak hour. The signalized intersection at US 6/West Beaver Creek Boulevard (Prater Road) is expected to operate at LOS C during both peak hours. All movements at all stop-controlled intersections are expected to operate at LOS C or better during both peak hours. For the forecasted winter conditions, all roundabouts are expected to operate at LOS C or better during both peak hours with the exception of the Avon Road/US 6 intersection which is expected to have PM peak hour operations at LOS F. The winter roundabout analyses included adjustment factors to account for reduced capacity due to snowy conditions. Winter operations at the US 6/West Beaver Creek Boulevard (Prater Road) intersection are expected to be at LOS C during both peak hours. All movements at all stop-controlled intersections are expected to operate at LOS B or better during both peak hours. Roadway segment LOS analyses were also conducted along Avon Road and US 6 for both summer and winter future conditions. The roadway segments were analyzed based on criteria contained in the Highway Capacity Manual (TRB, 2000, Chapter 15). Travel time delays were calculated using a combination of approach delays extracted from the Synchro output for signalized and stop-controlled intersections and NCHRP Report 572 for roundabouts. During the Summer Season, Avon Road is expected to operate at LOS B during the AM Peak hour and LOS C during the PM peak hour. In the Winter season, it is expected to operate at LOS C during the AM peak hour. The southbound direction is also expected to operate at LOS C during the PM peak hour, but northbound is expected to operate at LOS D. US 6 is expected to operate at LOS B during the AM peak hour in the Summer season and LOS F during the PM peak hour. In the Winter season, the westbound direction is expected to operate at LOS B during the AM peak hour and LOS F in the PM peak hour. The eastbound direction is expected to operate at LOS F during both peak hours in the Winter season. These results were then cross-checked with computerized simulations of roadway traffic operations using SIM Traffic; the simulation output compared very well with the calculated LOS results. Table 1.5 Intersection Levels of Service Level of Service1 Summer Winter Intersection AM PM AM PM 1 Avon Rd & WB I-70 A A A B 2 Avon Rd & EB I-70 A A A B 3 Avon Rd & Beaver Creek Blvd A A A C 4 Avon Rd & Benchmark Rd A A A A 5 Avon Rd & Hurd Ln B b b b 6 Avon Rd & US 6 A F C F 7 US 6 & Beaver Creek Blvd C C C C 8 E. Beaver Creek Blvd & Beaver Creek Pl A a a a 9 Benchmark Rd & Chapel Pl A c a b 10 E. Beaver Creek Blvd & Beaver Creek Pl A b a a 1 Lowercase letters indicate stop-controlled intersections; only worst movement LOS reported Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-25 Table 1.6 Roadway Levels of Service Level of Service Summer Winter Arterial Direction AM PM AM PM Northbound B C C D Avon Road Southbound B C C C Eastbound B F F F US 6 Westbound B F B F 1.2.4 Roadway Improvement Requirements In general, the existing roadway system within Avon has sufficient reserve capacity to accommodate the projected increases in traffic volumes. Previous planning efforts in Avon have identified a future roundabout at the intersection of Swift Gulch and Nottingham Roads. A separate analysis of this intersection relative to build out conditions at Wildridge, Morning Star, and Buck Creek indicate that this improvement would be required to maintain acceptable operational conditions. An approximate preliminary cost opinion for this improvement is $1.5 million. An analysis of the Benchmark Road/Beaver Creek Place intersection was also conducted. Future conditions at this intersection were found to be acceptable, at LOS C or better during peak times (both summer and winter seasons). However, due to the configuration of this intersection, and its close proximity to the Beaver Creek Place/Chapel Place intersection, some operational issues are currently experienced. As future redevelopment occurs, street system modifications are expected, including the future extension of Main Street through East Town Center. As the street system in this area evolves, consideration should be given to potential roadway realignment to consolidate the two intersections into one, subject to potential redevelopment. The LOS analyses also examined the potential to reduce the three-lane approaches on Beaver Creek Boulevard at the roundabout with Avon Road. It was determined that traffic operations would remain at LOS A during both peak hours in the summer and during the winter AM peak hour. During the winter PM peak hour, the LOS would drop to D (still acceptable). Based on this, there would be an opportunity to reduce the amount of existing pavement on both eastbound and westbound Beaver Creek Boulevard approaching the roundabout. The additional corridor width could be used for streetscape improvements, pedestrian enhancements currently under consideration for the Main Street project in West Town Center, and traffic calming measures discussed subsequently in this report. Traffic operations along US 6 are projected to be at congested levels during peak times in the long range future. As previously discussed, the long range future scenario assumes that this facility would be widened to four through lanes. This finding is consistent with previous traffic engineering efforts conducted in the Avon area. In order to provide acceptable operational results, additional widening, to six through lanes, would be required. Such widening to six lanes is seen as unlikely, given the existing right-of-way and topographical constraints along US 6 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-26 through Avon. Therefore, some congestion and delays would be anticipated for motorists using US 6 during peak times. Some peak hour congestion is also projected for the roundabout at US 6 and Avon Road. This congestion is due primarily to regional increases in through volumes along US 6. Recent cost estimates prepared as a part of the Eagle County 2025 Capital Improvement Study, Phase II, Felsburg Holt & Ullevig, July 2008, show an average cost for four-lane widening along US 6 through the Avon area of approximately $14.2 million per mile. Given the approximate 2.43 miles of frontage through the Town, the estimated potential opinion of cost for this improvement would be $34.5 million. 1.2.5 Traffic Impact Evaluations For three areas within Avon: East Town Center, West Town Center, and the Village at Avon, additional analyses were conducted to determine what specific impacts might be expected in terms of roadway capacity and the potential to provide on-street parking. The following sections document the results. 1.2.5.1 East Town Center The redevelopment of East Town Center is planned to include residential, retail and office land uses which will result in a net increase of 1,080 condo/townhome units, 25,250 square feet of retail space and 25,250 square feet of office space. East Town Center will have access to Avon Road via East Beaver Creek Boulevard and Benchmark Road. Potential internal circulation alternatives have been considered, including an extension of Main Street to serve primarily the retail uses. East Beaver Creek Boulevard would remain as the primary collector connection between Avon Road and Post Boulevard, although the location of the roadway would likely shift with development of the Village at Avon. Trip Generation Tables 1.7 and 1.8 summarize the trip generation estimates for the net increase in land use for the Summer and Winter seasons. As shown, East Town Center will generate approximately 6,560 additional daily trips in the Winter and 5,580 additional daily trips in the Summer. Table 1.7 East Town Center Summer Trip Generation Land Use Type Size Increase Units AM Total PM Total Daily Condo/Townhouse 540 DU 172 203 2,266 Retail 25,000 SF 19 71 822 Office 25,000 SF 31 29 218 ETC Total 221 303 3,306 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-27 Table 1.8 East Town Center Winter Trip Generation Land Use Type Size Increase Units AM Total PM Total Daily Condo/Townhouse 540 DU 202 239 2,666 Retail 25,000 SF 22 84 967 Office 25,000 SF 36 34 256 ETC Total 260 357 3,889 Future Traffic Volumes The above additional trips were added to the existing travel demand in East Town Center to obtain the total future traffic volumes expected to be generated once the redevelopment is complete. Table 1.9 summarizes the total AM, PM, and daily travel demand. Table 1.9 East Town Center Total Future Travel Demand Season AM Total PM Total Daily Summer 643 846 11,525 Winter 753 990 13,523 Of the traffic volumes shown in the above table, approximately 70 percent are expected to use East Beaver Creek Boulevard and 30 percent are expected to use Benchmark Road to access East Town Center. Traffic Impacts As previously documented, the roundabouts at Avon Road / Benchmark Road and Avon Road / East Beaver Creek Boulevard are expected to operate acceptably under future traffic conditions. The three stop-controlled intersections within East Town Center are also expected to operate well with the additional traffic projections. For the evaluation of the roadways within East Town Center, generalized daily capacities were used. Urban two-lane local roadways have a general capacity of approximately 7,500 vpd while two-lane collectors can carry up to 16,000 vpd. Based on the build-out traffic assignment for Winter (the higher of the two seasons analyzed), East Beaver Creek Boulevard is expected to carry about 10,000 vehicles per day (vpd) just east of Avon Road, with traffic volumes decreasing to the east; this estimate is well within the general daily capacity for a collector roadway. The potential Main Street extension is expected to carry approximately 4,000 vpd just east of Avon Road. Other internal roadways, such as Beaver Creek Place and Chapel Place would experience daily volumes in the approximate range of 3,000 to 3,500 VPD each. These projected volumes would be well within the general daily capacity for urban local streets. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-28 Parking Impacts Applying data contained in Parking Generation, Institute of Transportation Engineers, 2004 East Town Center is expected to generate a peak period parking demand of approximately 3,515 parking spaces in a peak hour during the Winter season. Residential land uses will generate a demand of about 2,145 spaces, retail uses will require about 1,045 spaces and office uses will require about 320 spaces. Often, mixed use developments can take advantage of shared parking concepts to reduce the total parking supply need. However, due to the low amount of office space relative to residential uses, consideration of shared parking reductions have been omitted in this evaluation. The potential to provide on-street parking can help mitigate the need for off-street parking areas and structures. However, based on studies documented in Parking, Weant and Levinson, ENO Foundation, 1990, on-street parking can reduce the roadway capacity by 15 to 30 percent, depending on the number of expected parking maneuvers during any given hour. To estimate the impacts of on-street parking within East Town Center, the above daily capacities for local roadways were reduced by 30 percent, yielding 5,250 vpd. By comparing this reduced capacity to the build-out traffic assignments, it can be seen the internal roadways would remain under-capacity. Therefore, within East Town Center, the local roadways are candidates for on-street parking, while parking should be restricted from East Beaver Creek Boulevard, a collector facility. 1.2.5.2 West Town Center The redevelopment of West Town Center is planned to include a mix of residential, retail and office land uses which will result in a net increase 595 condo/townhome units, 35,000 square feet of retail space and 40,000 square feet of office space. West Town Center will have access to Avon Road via West Beaver Creek Boulevard and Main Street/Benchmark Road. Trip Generation Tables 1.10 and 1.11 summarize the trip generation estimates for the net increase in land use for the Summer and Winter seasons. As shown, West Town Center will generate approximately 4,700 additional daily trips in the Winter and 4,000 additional daily trips in the Summer. Table 1.10 West Town Center Summer Trip Generation Land Use Type Size Increase Units AM Total PM Total Daily Condo/Townhouse 538 DU 171 202 2,258 Retail 70,000 SF 11 43 493 Office 15,000 SF 86 82 609 WTC Total 268 327 3,361 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-29 Table 1.11 West Town Center Winter Trip Generation Land Use Type Size Increase Units AM Total PM Total Daily Condo/Townhouse 538 DU 201 238 2,657 Retail 70,000 SF 13 50 580 Office 15,000 SF 101 97 717 WTC Total 315 385 3,954 Future Traffic Volumes The estimated total future traffic volumes expected to be generated by the completed West Town Center are presented in Table 1.12. Table 1.12 West Town Center Total Future Travel Demand Season AM Total PM Total Daily Summer 623 826 12,166 Winter 733 973 14,254 Of the traffic volumes shown in Table 1.12, approximately 80 percent are expected to use West Beaver Creek Boulevard and 20 percent are expected to use Main Street/Benchmark Road to access West Town Center. Traffic Impacts The above described generalized daily capacities of approximately 7,500 vpd for local streets and 16,000 vpd for collectors were applied to this evaluation. Based on the build-out traffic assignment for Winter conditions, West Beaver Creek Boulevard is expected to carry 11,900 vpd just west of Avon Road, with traffic volumes decreasing to the west. Main Street/Benchmark Road is expected to carry 3,100 vpd just west of Avon Road. Other internal local connections would carry less than 2,000 vpd. Based on these projections, the adjacent roadways would have sufficient reserve capacity to accommodate the future travel demand within West Town Center. Parking Impacts West Town Center is expected to generate a parking demand of approximately 1,525 parking spaces during the peak season. Residential land uses would require about 1,100 spaces, retail uses would require about 300 spaces, and office uses would require about 125 spaces. On-street parking may also be a consideration to help reduce the off-street parking supply in West Town Center. Based on the above daily capacities, reduced by 30 percent for on-street parking, all local streets within West Town Center will have sufficient reserve capacity to serve the projected traffic volumes. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-30 1.2.5.3 Village at Avon Current planning for the Village at Avon includes a mix of residential, retail and office development which will result in a net increase 2,063 condo/townhome units, 93 single family units, 125,000 square feet of retail space, and 178,000 square feet of office space. Access to the Village at Avon will be provided via a collector roadway replacement for East Beaver Creek Boulevard and Post Boulevard. Trip Generation Tables 1.13 and 1.14 summarize the Summer and Winter trip generation estimates. As indicated, the Village at Avon will generate approximately 19,150 additional daily trips in the Winter and 16,280 additional daily trips in the Summer. Table 1.13 Village at Avon Summer Trip Generation Land Use Type Size Increase Units AM Total PM Total Daily Condo/Townhouse 2,063 DU 734 866 9,679 Single Family 93 DU 56 76 718 Retail 155,000 SF 125 467 5,375 Office 100,000 SF 125 118 870 Village Total 1,040 1,527 16,642 Table 1.14 Village at Avon Winter Trip Generation Land Use Type Size Increase Units AM Total PM Total Daily Condo/Townhouse 2,063 DU 863 1,019 11,387 Single Family 93 DU 66 89 845 Retail 155,000 SF 147 549 6,323 Office 100,000 SF 147 139 1,024 Village Total 1,223 1,796 19,579 Future Traffic Volumes The estimated total future traffic volumes expected to be generated on completion of the Village at Avon are presented in Table 1.15. Table 1.15 Village at Avon Total Future Travel Demand Season AM Total PM Total Daily Summer 1,376 2,250 25,160 Winter 1,613 2,649 29,524 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-31 Traffic Impacts Of the traffic volumes shown in Table 1.15, the majority is expected to use Post Boulevard with about 20 percent using East Beaver Creek Boulevard (or the collector facility that will replace it on completion of the development). This projected volume is well within the general daily capacity identified for collectors. Other internal roadways could carry between 1,000 and 2,000 vpd, consistent with a local street classification. Parking Impacts The Village at Avon is expected to generate a peak parking demand of approximately 4,155 parking spaces during the Winter season. Residential land uses would generate a demand of 3,180 spaces, retail uses would require 470 spaces and office uses would require 505 spaces. On-street parking may also be a consideration to help reduce the off-street parking supply in the Village at Avon. Based on the above daily capacities, reduced by 30 percent for on-street parking, all local streets within the Village would have sufficient reserve capacity to serve the projected traffic volumes. As previously mentioned, an existing overflow lot for day-skiers exists along East Beaver Creek Boulevard. This parking capacity for overflow experienced on peak ski days is temporary pending development of the Village at Avon. It is the Town’s policy not to provide parking for the ski area; rather, day-skier parking is the responsibility of Beaver Creek Resort. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-32 1.3 TRAFFIC CALMING AND SAFETY Traffic calming is a range of physical measures intended to reduce traffic volumes, lower vehicle speeds, improve safety for all roadway users, and enhance the pedestrian experience. Traffic calming measures fall into two general categories: • Volume Control. This category addresses cut-through traffic by diverting traffic from neighborhood streets onto higher classification roadways which have greater traffic carrying capacity. Typical methods include roadway closures, median barriers, and roadway alignment shifts. • Speed Reduction. Physical measures to force lower speeds include horizontal deflection or narrowing devices (traffic circles, neckdowns, center islands, or chicanes), and vertical deflection devices (speed humps or tables, raised crosswalks, or textured pavements). Speed and volume reductions can also be achieved through roadway signing and other traffic control devices, such as flashing beacons and radar speed feedback signs. 1.3.1 Alternatives In mountain communities such as Avon, the range of appropriate traffic calming devices is limited by winter maintenance requirements. Speed humps, raised crosswalks, chicanes (lateral jogs in the roadway) can interfere with snow plow operations. Therefore, it is suggested that traffic calming in Avon be restricted to textured or patterned pavement, raised center median islands, and roadway signing. It is recommended that traffic calming in Avon be applied on local or collector status roadways only. The decision to install any traffic calming device should be based on a demonstrated need and a consensus among adjacent land owners. Maintenance and snow removal issues should be considered. Because traffic calming can have a negative impact on emergency response times, input from emergency response providers should also be considered. 1.3.2 Application The intersection of Sun Road and West Beaver Creek Boulevard experiences a concentration of pedestrian activity. Planning efforts for West Town Center contemplate a pedestrian connection or extension of Sun Road to the future Main Street, which would attract additional pedestrian movements. In addition to sidewalk improvements discussed in subsequent sections, traffic calming along West Beaver Creek Boulevard approaching Sun Road would help improve pedestrian safety. Suggested measures include: • Pedestrian crosswalk on West Beaver Creek Boulevard just northwest of the Sun Road intersection. This crosswalk could consist of textured/patterned pavement to give motorists a visual as well as tactile signal to slow down. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-33 • Pedestrian refuge islands within the crosswalk. By reducing the number of lanes and narrowing the existing lanes on West Beaver Creek Boulevard, a raised center island could be installed to split the crossing into two stages. • Pedestrian warning signs and flashing beacons approaching the crosswalk. These signs would alert motorists in advance of the crosswalk. The flashing beacons could be solar powered and set to flash during peak times. • Streetscape improvements along West Beaver Creek Boulevard. Landscaping and street furniture would enhance the pedestrian interest and experiences in this area. Similar road narrowing along East Beaver Creek Boulevard would improve the pedestrian environment and allow for streetscape enhancements and potential traffic calming measures. Prior to the installation of the above devices, consideration should be given to snow removal impacts, adjacent land owner’s needs, and emergency response concerns. 1.3.3 Sight Distance Sight distance is the length of roadway ahead that is visible to motorists, pedestrians, and bicyclists. Sufficient sight distance must be provided in order for roadway users to make safe decisions and avoid collisions with other users or objects. Sight distance is influenced by vehicle speeds, horizontal and vertical curvature, roadside vegetation or other obstructions. There are two types of sight distance which affect the safety of a roadway: • Stopping Sight Distance. This is the distance required for a driver to see, react to, and stop prior to reaching a stationary object in its path. • Entering Sight Distance. Someone entering a roadway from an access or side street needs to see in either direction for a sufficient distance to judge safe gaps in traffic through which to maneuver. Procedures for determining appropriate sight distances for design are specified in A POLICY ON GEOMETRICDESIGN OF HIGHWAYS AND STREETS, 5th Edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 2004. With ongoing development and redevelopment, modifications to the roadway system should incorporate AASHTO sight distance policy in their design. At existing locations where sight distance has been found to contribute to hazardous conditions, efforts should be made to remove roadside obstructions, trim vegetation, or modify landscaping to improve sight distance. Where roadway curvature or topographical constraints make sight distance improvements infeasible, roadway signing or other traffic control measures should be considered. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-34 1.4 TOWN STANDARDS 1.4.1 Roadways A functional classification hierarchy of streets is commonly used to define the traffic carrying function of various roadways. The two primary roadway functions are mobility and accessibility. These two functions compete; thus, roads intended to serve mobility needs (such as arterials) have necessarily fewer accesses than local streets, where mobility is of less concern than access to adjacent properties. Avon has adopted three classification categories representing varying degrees of service with respect to these two functions. The three classifications, from highest to lowest, include Arterial Streets, Collector Streets, and Local Streets. Further, the Local and Collector Streets are defined by their setting as either Urban or Rural. Arterial Roads provide the motorist with the highest level of mobility, and access to adjacent land uses are a minor consideration. Traffic volumes tend to greater along arterial roads, and vehicle speeds are higher. Arterial roads also have a significant amount of continuity and connectivity within a given region and often serve long distance trips. Figure 1.10 shows the typical arterial cross-section for Avon. Shown are multiple travel lanes for through traffic as well as an area for a center left turn lane or raised median. Provision for on-street parking is in conflict with the mobility function of arterials and is, therefore not recommended. Pedestrian and bicyclist are accommodated via a 10-foot walk/trail detached from the roadway. The detachment provides for a more comfortable environment for the pedestrian/bicyclist to travel, and it provides an area for snow storage during the winter. Collector Roads provide more of a balance between mobility and access. Traffic volumes, vehicular speeds, and continuity are all moderate in comparison to arterial roads. Served trips are typically made within a community or are traveling between local streets and arterial streets. Figures 1.11 and 1.12 show the collector cross sections for Urban and Rural areas, respectively. The collector street section includes two travel lanes for through traffic. The urban version also includes bike lanes, curb and gutter, a center left turn lane (or raised median), and detached sidewalk. Again, the detached walk allows for snow storage and a comfortable environment for the pedestrian. The rural section includes a center turn lane only were needed, and no curb and gutter would be included as all surface drainage would be discharged into a roadside ditch. To ensure mobility on collectors, on-street parking is not recommended. Local Roads are intended to primarily provide access to adjacent properties. Traffic volumes, speeds and continuity are usually quite low for local road facilities. Travelers along local roads almost always originate or are destined to an adjacent land use. Figures 1.13 and 1.14 show the local cross sections for Urban and Rural areas, respectively. Both have two travel lanes for through traffic, but the urban section also includes curb, a tree lawn, and detached sidewalls. Where needed, additional width could be added accommodate on-street parking (either parallel or angle parking). The rural section includes two-foot shoulders and all surface drainage would discharge to the side of the road. A bike lane may be added to the rural road cross-section where deemed necessary. Ar t e r i a l C r o s s - S e c t i o n Fi g u r e 1 . 1 0 Avon Transportation Plan 08-159 07/28/09 NO R T H FELSBURGHOLT&ULLEVIG FHU FH U 12 ' Tr a v e l L a n e 16 ' Tu r n L a n e or M e d i a n 64 ' P a v e d W i d t h 12 ' Tr a v e l L a n e 12 ' Tr a v e l L a n e 10'Sidewalk/Trail 10 ' Si d e w a l k / Tr a i l Varies Va r i e s 12 ' Tr a v e l L a n e Ar t e r i a l 2.5' Curb & Gutter 2. 5 ' C u r b & G u t t e r Co l l e c t o r - U r b a n C r o s s - S e c t i o n Fi g u r e 1 . 1 1 Avon Transportation Plan 08-159 07/28/09 NO R T H FELSBURGHOLT&ULLEVIG 11 ' Tu r n L a n e or P o t e n t i a l Me d i a n 45 ' P a v e d W i d t h 11 ' Tr a v e l L a n e 6' Bi k e La n e 6' Tr e e - la w n 6' Si d e - wa l k 6' Tr e e - la w n 6'Side-walk 6' Bi k e La n e 11 ' Tr a v e l L a n e Co l l e c t o r - U r b a n 2.5' Curb & Gu t t e r 2. 5 ' C u r b & G u t t e r Co l l e c t o r - R u r a l C r o s s - S e c t i o n Fi g u r e 1 . 1 2 Avon Transportation Plan 08-159 07/14/09 NO R T H FELSBURGHOLT&ULLEVIG 34 ' P a v e d W i d t h 11 ' Tr a v e l L a n e 11 ' Tr a v e l L a n e 6' S h o u l d e r / Bi k e L a n e 6' S h o u l d e r / Bi k e L a n e 4: 1 4: 1 NO T E : A d d i t i o n a l w i d t h m a y b e r e q u i r e d t o a c c o m o d a t e t u r n l a n e s a t i n t e r s e c t i o n s Co l l e c t o r - R u r a l Lo c a l - U r b a n C r o s s - S e c t i o n Fi g u r e 1 . 1 3 Avon Transportation Plan 08-159 07/28/09 NO R T H FELSBURGHOLT&ULLEVIG FH U 11 ' Tr a v e l L a n e 6' Tr e e - la w n 6' Tr e e - la w n 5' Sid e w a l k 5' Si d e w a l k 11 ' Tr a v e l L a n e 22 ' P a v e d W i d t h NO T E : A d d i t i o n a l w i d t h m a y b e r e q u i r e d t o a c c o m o d a t e t u r n l a n e s at i n t e r s e c t i o n s o r o n - s t r e e t p a r k i n g 6' m i n i m u m t r e e - l a w n t o p r o v i d e f o r s n o w s t o r a g e Lo c a l - U r b a n 2. 5 ' C u r b & G u t t e r 2. 5 ' C u r b & G u t t e r Lo c a l - R u r a l C r o s s - S e c t i o n Fi g u r e 1 . 1 4 Avon Transportation Plan 08-159 07/28/09 NO R T H FELSBURGHOLT&ULLEVIG 24 ' - 3 0 ' P a v e d W i d t h 11 ' Tr a v e l L a n e 2' S h o u l d e r 11 ' Tr a v e l L a n e 6' Bi k e / Pe d La n e 3: 1 3: 1 *NO T E : W h e r e R e q u i r e d Lo c a l - R u r a l * Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-40 1.4.2 Traffic Impact Study Guidelines 1.4.2.1 Purpose Traffic Impact Studies (TIS) are needed to appropriately address the traffic impacts of new development, redevelopment, plan amendments, or zoning modifications within the Town of Avon. The TIS identifies whether the existing transportation system can operate at acceptable levels with the proposed development, or if improvement measures are needed to mitigate the impacts. The owner/developer is responsible for contracting a transportation consultant to conduct the TIS, and is also responsible for providing any required impact mitigation measures identified in the TIS. The Town shall review each TIS for approval or rejection relative to criteria specified herein. The purpose of this section is to provide guidance to developers and their consultants for TIS preparation. The required content and format will ease the review process by ensuring a consistent approach in the identification of multi-modal travel projections, impacts, and mitigation measures. 1.4.2.2 Requirement for Traffic Impact Studies A TIS shall be required for any proposed development that will generate 200 or more daily vehicle trips during an average weekday. The trip generation potential of the proposed project shall be estimated using the data and methodology contained in the latest edition of TRIP GENERATION, Institute of Transportation Engineers (currently the 8th Edition). As a general reference, developments of the following sizes, or larger, would typically require a TIS: • Residential, Single Family Detached – 20 units • Residential, Multi-Family, Condominium– 35 units • Residential, Multi-Family, Apartment – 30 units • Hotel/Lodging – 25 rooms • Office – 18,000 square feet • Retail – 4,600 square feet • Industrial – 28,000 square feet For developments that are not projected to exceed the 200 daily vehicle trip generation threshold, the submittal of a letter, describing the project and documenting its trip generation potential, will be required. The letter shall be prepared and sealed by a licensed professional engineer. In any case, a TIS may be still required due to site-specific conditions, as determined by the Town. For developments where access to a Colorado State Highway is requested, the requirements of Section 2.3(5) of the STATE HIGHWAY ACCESS CODE may also apply. Applicants are advised to contact the Region 3 Access Manager, Colorado Department of Transportation, for additional details regarding access to State Highways. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-41 A new TIS may be required for developments when a previously prepared TIS is more than two years old, or when proposed land uses or densities have changed. In these cases, the Town will make the determination whether a complete new TIS is required or if an addendum letter will suffice. 1.4.2.3 Traffic Impact Study Format and Required Elements Applicants, or their transportation consultants, are encouraged to discuss their projects with the Town prior to starting the TIS to establish study area boundaries, directional distribution, nearby potential developments that might affect background conditions, or critical issues to be addressed. In some cases, the particular type of development may have a greater seasonal impact, such as development related to winter recreation; thus, appropriate seasonal considerations maybe required. While specific TIS requirements may vary site to site, all studies should incorporate the following elements: 1. Description of Proposed Development and Study Area Boundaries A description of the development site, including size, current zoning or land uses, and general terrain features shall be provided. The general location of the site within the Town shall be identified relative to the adjacent roadway system. A conceptual site plan, showing the location, type, and quantity of proposed land uses, as well as access to adjacent roadways shall be provided. The study area shall be defined. 2. Existing Conditions A discussion of the existing roadways within the study area shall be provided, addressing functional classification, number of lanes, speed limits, and intersection geometrics and traffic control. The locations of transit routes and nearby bus stops shall be identified. Pedestrian and bicycle facilities, such as sidewalks, designated bike lanes, and regional trails, shall be described. Existing traffic data shall be compiled or collected on roadways and at key intersections within the study area. These data may include recent 24-hour traffic counts conducted by the Town, CDOT data, or traffic counts provided by the applicant. Sufficient data shall be provided to conduct an analysis of existing traffic operational conditions within the study area for both AM and PM peak hour conditions. Level of Service (LOS) analyses shall be conducted based on the latest edition of the HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL (currently HCM2000) to establish existing operational conditions and to identify any existing geometric or traffic control deficiencies. Acceptable operations within the Town of Avon are LOS C for peak hour roadway operations and LOS D for peak hour intersection operations. These LOS threshold standards account for the increased delay that is anticipated at intersections due to traffic control devices. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-42 3. Site Trip Generation A trip generation analysis of the proposed site uses shall be conducted per Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) methodology. The trip generation analysis shall consider the daily, AM and PM peak hours for a typical weekday. Pass-by traffic and internal trip reductions may be applied where applicable using ITE data; however, any reductions for pass-by or internal trips must be appropriately documented. When the proposed development involves a rezoning of the site, the TIS shall include a trip generation comparison to demonstrate the difference between the existing and proposed zoning. The trip generation comparison shall be based on the maximum allowable uses under each zoning criteria. 4. Mode Split An evaluation of potential transit ridership associated with the proposed development shall be included in the TIS. Analyses documented in the Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan, indicate that transit ridership varies by type of land use and proximity to the Town core area. The following table provides factors to be applied to the trip generation estimates to quantify transit trips for each general land use type. The area type can be determined from the map depicted on Figure 1-15. Table 1.16 Transit Ridership as a Percentage of Vehicle Trips Percent Transit Trips for Area Type Land Use Town Core Outer Core Remote Residential 11.0 5.4 1.0 Hotel/Lodging 6.0 3.2 1.0 Office 10.0 5.0 1.0 Retail 11.0 5.4 1.0 Industrial 7.0 3.4 1.0 The above factors provide the transit mode split as a percentage of the overall vehicle trip generation. Thus, the vehicle trip generation estimates, and the resultant traffic assignment, is reduced. To estimate the number of transit trips, the resultant transit split is converted into person trips by multiplying by 2.4. This calculation will quantify the expected impact to transit facilities. 5. Trip Distribution The resultant site generated vehicular traffic volumes shall be assigned to the adjacent roadway network based on the proximity of the site to nearby activity centers, regional transportation facilities, or on directional distribution assumptions previously established with the Town. The resultant site generated traffic assignment shall include the daily, AM and PM peak hour traffic volumes. Town of Avon Transit Supportive Subareas Figure 1.15 Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan, 08-159, 7/29/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG = Core Area = Outer Core Area = Mountain Rural LEGEND Aspens Mobile Home Park Westgate Plaza Comfort Inn Christie Lodge Avon Station Sheraton Mtn. Vista River Edge Christie Sports Chapel square Avon Crossing Elk Lot Eaglebend West Eaglebend North Stonebridge City Market W. Beaver Creek Lake St./LibraryBear Lot River Oaks River View Shop & Hop Walmart Riverside Dr. Stone Creek Dr. Swift Gulch Transit Operations W illia m J . Post Blvd. Deer Blvd. B e a v e r C r eek Dr. Swift Gulch R d. Bach e l o r Gulc h Trai l W. Beaver Creek B l v d . M e t c a lf Rd. W i l d r i g e R d .Wild w o o d Rd . P a i n t b r u s h Pa i n t b r u s h Buc k Cree k Rd. Stone Cree k R d . E. Beaver Creek Blvd. AVON Lower Beaver Creek Express Lift Riverfront Express Gondola 70 70 6 6 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-44 6. Future Conditions The TIS shall evaluate both short term future and long range future conditions. The short term future shall be based on the anticipated completion date of the proposed project, while the long range future corresponds to an approximate 20 year planning horizon. Interim future scenarios may be appropriate for larger, phased developments, as determined by the Town. Background traffic volumes, representing traffic unrelated to site development, shall be developed based on traffic forecasts contained in the Comprehensive Transportation Plan, CDOT growth factors, or as established through discussions with the Town. Total traffic volumes consist of background traffic plus the site generated traffic volumes. Level of Service analyses shall be conducted for the following future conditions: • Short Term Background • Short Term Background plus Site • Long Term Background • Long Term Background plus Site Any interim scenarios shall also be similarly analyzed. 7. Recommendations The TIS shall recommend traffic engineering measures to mitigate any operational impacts identified in the analyses and maintain acceptable LOS on the adjacent roadways and intersections. Potential improvements may include: • Roadway widening for additional lanes, such as right- or left-turn lanes • Traffic control, such as a STOP sign, roundabout, or traffic signal • Access modifications, such as relocation or restricted turns • Other engineering improvements Where impacts to transit operations or pedestrian facilities are anticipated, the TIS shall also provide recommendations for multi-modal improvements. These may include: • Transit improvements, such as bus stops, bus shelters, bus pull-out lanes, or route modifications • Pedestrian improvements, such as sidewalks or access to trails • Bicycle improvements, such as paths, trails, or designated bike lanes For larger commercial developments, the TIS may also include recommendations for Transportation Demand Management (TDM), including: Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 1-45 • Flexible work hours • Telecommuting • Employee programs to encourage car pooling or transit use In cases where TDM strategies are included as a part of a development proposal, the Town may offer incentives such as reduced roadway improvement contributions, tax incentives, or other considerations. As a part of approval, on-going monitoring and documentation of TDM program continuity by the developer would be a requirement for the continuation of such incentives. The TIS shall be prepared by or under the supervision of a registered Professional Engineer. The completed report shall be signed and sealed. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 2-6 2.2 FUTURE CONDITIONS 2.2.1 Regional and Recreational Trails Planning Ongoing development of the regional paved trail system through Avon follows the Eagle Valley Regional Trails Plan, administered by the ECO Trails Program. As new links are added, connectivity for non-motorized users is enhanced along the Eagle River corridor. The Town of Avon supports the goals of the Regional Trails Plan through elements contained in this Comprehensive Transportation Plan, as follows: • The proposed Town Standards for roadway cross sections identify requirements for sidewalks and bicycle/pedestrian lanes to improve both safety and connectivity for non- motorized users. • The proposed Traffic Impact Study Guidelines will require new development to quantify travel modes, specify pedestrian improvement plans, and demonstrate connectivity to the adjacent non-motorized system and regional trails facilities. The recently adopted TOWN OF AVON RECREATIONAL TRAILS MASTER PLAN, Anasazi Trails, Inc., February 2009 provides a formal basis for developing a local system of sustainable, unpaved recreational trails from the mix of informal social trails, purpose-built trails, and abandoned access roads. The Trails Plan considers access issues, parking, neighborhood interface, and environmental impacts. Standards for design, construction, and ongoing maintenance of different types of trails are established. The report identifies six recreational trail projects and provides preliminary opinions of probable cost, as summarized in Table 2.1 Table 2.1 Recreational Trails Capital Improvement Projects Trails Project Description Cost Opinion Avon/Singletree Trail New trailhead at Nottingham Road. Trail reconstruction and reclamation activity. $148,500 Beaver Creek Lookout Trail New trailhead and overlook. Trail reconstruction and reclamation activity. $250,300 Metcalf Creek Trail New trail construction. New trailhead, parking area, and toilet facilities. $243,300 Saddle Ridge Trail Trail construction/reconstruction and reclamation activity. New access point. $37,200 Buck Creek Trail Bridge construction and trail reconstruction. $54,700 Interior Connecting Trails Trail reclamation activity. New trail and access point construction. $32,600 Total $766,600 Source: Town of Avon Recreational Trails Master Plan, Anasazi Trails, Inc., February 2009. As indicated, the recreational trails projects are anticipated to cost approximately $766,600.00. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 2-7 2.2.2 Local Bicycle/Pedestrian Connections The sidewalk deficiencies previously identified on Figure 2.3 total approximately 2,000 lineal feet. Based on current cost data for concrete sidewalks in Avon, a total cost of $180,000 is anticipated to construction of the missing sidewalk sections. Other non-motorized improvements that should be incorporated include: • A trail connection at the southwest corner of Nottingham Park to West Beaver Creek Boulevard. Currently, unauthorized pedestrian access is through a damaged section of fence. There is a narrow sidewalk along the tennis courts that is also used. • Connectivity improvements to the existing trail along Nottingham Road for area residents. Enhancements should include sidewalks, crosswalks, streetscape and lighting improvements, and transit stops. Approximately 2,000 lineal feet of guardrail along the south side of Nottingham Road creates a barrier for residents trying to access the trail. Only one opening is currently provided, with a paved connection from Nottingham Road to the trail. At least two more such openings should be provided for better trail access. • Bike lanes on Metcalf Road. Metcalf Road is becoming increasingly popular as a bike route for residents of Wildridge and Wildwood. Currently, bike riders must use the travel lanes, and safety concerns have been expressed. Bike lanes should be provided along both sides of Metcalf Road from the intersection at Nottingham Road to the intersection at Old Trail Road in the Wildridge neighborhood. • Pedestrian bridge over I-70 from the Buffalo Ridge apartments to the Village at Avon. This improvement is shown in the Village at Avon PUD. • Trail connection from Nottingham Road to the Buck Creek Trailhead. • Pedestrian underpass of US 6 at Beaver Creek and pedestrian bridge over the Eagle River at the Kayak Park. This connection will provide grade-separated pedestrian access from the south side of US 6 to the regional trail system and the Town core area. • Sidewalk along the north side of Chapel Place at the east side of Chapel Square. • Grade separated crossing under US 6 on the east side of the Avon Road roundabout. • Sidewalks or separate paved trails along US 6. Because of the number of barriers (I-70, Avon Road, the Eagle River, and the UPRR), and due to the unconventional street layout that has evolved in Avon, visitors, particularly pedestrians, can have difficulty finding their way about town. Although the Town currently has visitor maps and other way-finding resources on-line, additional measures that would help visitors as they navigate through Avon include roadway directional signing and informational displays at major transit stops and activity centers. With the redevelopment of the East and West Town Centers, and development within the Village at Avon, there will be opportunities to simplify the street network and provide logical pedestrian connections to further enhance way-finding. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 2-8 2.2.3 Potential Grade Separated Pedestrian Crossings An evaluation was conducted for potential grade separated pedestrian crossings at selected locations within Avon. The evaluations were based on design criteria published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Alternative crossings for I-70, Avon Road, and the Union Pacific Rail Road (UPRR) were considered. 2.2.3.1 I-70 Pedestrian Crossing between Metcalf Road and West Beaver Creek Road A pedestrian crossing of I-70 in the vicinity of Metcalf Road has been proposed to provide a more convenient connection from residential and commercial land uses north of I-70 to the Town core area. Currently, the closest pedestrian connection occurs at Avon Road. A new crossing could shorten pedestrian trips by as much as a mile (per one-way trip). Because of the grades along I-70 in this area, an underpass is considered to be more feasible than a bridge over the highway. Figure 2.4 illustrates this potential concept. Pedestrian Crossings Design Criteria • Per AASHTO Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities, 2004, Section 3.5.3 – Overpasses vs. Underpasses, the vertical clearance for long distance underpasses should be a minimum of 10 feet. Minimum trail width for underpasses with a length over 60 feet should be wider than 16 feet. • I-70 width from outside edge of pavement to outside edge of pavement equals 170 feet (as measured in ACAD from aerial mapping). • The elevation difference between the low point on the north side of I-70 and the surface of I-70 is 7468.0 feet minus 7450.0 feet, or 18 feet. • Assuming the trail starts at the low point, the total height needed is 10 feet (vertical clearance) plus 1 foot of structure depth plus 2 feet of sub-base plus 1.5 feet of pavement equals 14.5 feet. Because this is less than the available 18 feet, we believe the tunnel will fit. • The AASHTO Roadside Design Guide (2006), Table 3.1, provides clear-zone requirements in feet from edge of through traveled way. The minimum clearance, with a 1:4 foreslope, 65 to 70 mph design speed, and design ADT over 6000, is 46 ft (from edge of traveled way to box culvert headwall). • The resultant minimum pedestrian underpass length is 262 feet (170 plus 46 plus 46 equals 262 feet). I-70 Underpass Near Metcalf Road Figure 2.4 Avon Transportation Plan REV 08-159 05/26/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 2-10 Cost Analysis - Pedestrian Crossing of I-70 • The recently completed pedestrian underpass at the 144th Avenue/I-25 Interchange is a pre-cast box culvert with many aesthetic architectural features. The total cost, without retaining walls, was $996,503. At a length of 176’, the cost per linear foot is $5,662. If this system were used for the Avon pedestrian underpass of I-70, the box culvert alone would cost approximately $1,483,000. • The pedestrian underpass for the 136thAvenue/I-25 Interchange project was a simple cast-in-place box culvert with basic architectural features. The total cost was $217,088. At a length of 240’, the cost per linear foot was $905. If this system were used for the Avon pedestrian underpass of I-70, the box culvert alone would cost approximately $237,000. • A shoe-fly detour on I-70 to phase the construction of the box culvert would cost $750,000, based upon a similar detour cost analysis prepared for the Preble Creek Drainage project at I-25/SH 7. • Based on the above, the total cost of the I-70 pedestrian underpass would range between approximately $987,000 and $2,233,000, depending on the level of aesthetic treatment. 2.2.3.2 Pedestrian Bridge over Avon Road The existing at-grade pedestrian crossings along Avon Road occur at the roundabout intersections. These crossings have been perceived as hazardous for pedestrians, particularly by visitors. East-west pedestrian connection will become increasingly important with redevelopment of the East and West Town Centers and the Main Street concept. Figure 2.5 depicts the preferred pedestrian crossing location along the future Main Street just south of the roundabout. Pedestrian Bridge Crossing Avon Road Cost Analysis A pedestrian bridge across Avon Road just south of the Benchmark Road roundabout would be approximately 130 feet in length (as measured in Acad using aerial mapping). Due to topographical constraints, the bridge could need elevators on each side, in addition to ramps. Using unit costs of $150 per square foot for the bridge and $15 per square foot for the sidewalks, the resultant preliminary cost opinion would be approximately $500,000 to $1.0 million. Avon Road Overpass - Main Street Extension Figure 2.5 Avon Transportation Plan REV 08-159 07/28/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG Main S t r e e t M a i n S t r e e t Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 2-12 2.2.3.3 Pedestrian Bridge over the UPRR from Eagle Bend Drive A grade separated crossing of the UPRR near Stonebridge Drive been considered to provide pedestrian access from residential uses and transit stops south of the tracks to existing and planned commercial uses in the Village at Avon. The potential for this line to become active would drive the need for this improvement. Three alternatives have been evaluated: an overpass with ramps, an overpass with elevators, and an underpass. Figure 2.6 illustrates the potential overpass location. The underpass would likely be located farther west near an existing culvert along Hurd Lane. Pedestrian Crossing Design Criteria • Per CDOT Design Guide 2005, Table 3-3, the minimum vertical clearance for pedestrian overpasses over railroad tracks is 17.5 feet. • Per AASHTO Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities, Sec. 3.2.7, the maximum grade allowed is 5 percent. • The UPRR right-of-way width from fence line to fence line is 100 feet (as measured using aerial mapping). • Assuming the pedestrian bridge over the railroad has a structure depth of 6 feet and a vertical clearance of 17.5 feet over the railroad tracks, the total height from existing ground to the top of bridge would be 23.5 feet. The total length of ramp necessary to access the bridge on either side of the railroad tracks would then be 940 feet (23.5 feet/0.05 = 470 feet x 2 sides = 940 feet total). • The minimum pedestrian overpass length would be approximately 100 feet plus an additional 15 feet either side of the UPRR right-of-way for a total of 130 feet. • The total length of structure (assuming the ramps would be switchback style structures) would, therefore, be 1,070 feet (130 feet + 940 feet). Pedestrian Bridge Crossing the UPRR Cost Analysis • A pedestrian bridge across the UPRR, plus ramp structures on either side would be approximately $2.25 million (1,070 feet x 14 feet x $150 per square foot). • A pedestrian bridge with elevators on each side and simple aesthetic features would cost between $1.4 million and $1.8 million, based on costs from recent similar projects. Pedestrian Underpass Crossing the UPRR Cost Analysis • A pedestrian box culvert underpass would require a RR shoofly detour in order to construct the underpass in two phases. A recent, similar double track shoofly for BNSF cost over $1.5 million to construct. • Based on costs previously identified, a simple box culvert underpass at this location would cost approximately $120,000 ($905 per lineal foot x 130 feet). • A more complex underpass with enhanced aesthetics would cost approximately $736,000 ($5,662 per lineal foot x 130 lineal feet). • Therefore, the total cost for the pedestrian underpass alternative would range from $1.62 million to $2.236 million, including the RR shoofly. Ra i l r o a d P e d e s t r i a n C r o s s i n g a t S t o n e b r i d g e D r i v e Fi g u r e 2 . 6 Avon Transportation Plan 08-159 05/26/09 NO R T H FELSBURGHOLT&ULLEVIG Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-1 CHAPTER 3. TRANSIT SYSTEM 3.1 EXISTING SERVICES The Town of Avon provides transit services locally while ECO Transit provides regional services throughout Eagle County. This section describes existing conditions for Avon transit services as well as regional coordination and facilities used by both systems. These systems work together to provide Avon residents with access to jobs locally and throughout the region and to provide residents and guests access recreation, shopping and medical services. 3.1.1 Town of Avon Shuttle The Town of Avon operates free shuttle services to connect residents and visitors to activity centers and employment. They also operate complementary paratransit service. In the past they operated the parking lot shuttles that connect Beaver Creek Resort to the skier parking provided on the south side of US 6. During the 2008/2009 season Beaver Creek is operating this service. Service routes and frequencies vary by season. Winter and summer are the primary seasons and the service description will focus on these seasons. Two dates were chosen for evaluation of peak activity; February 18, 2008 was chosen to represent the peak winter season and July 26, 2008 was chosen to represent the peak summer season. Data was gathered by route and stop for both Avon Transit and ECO Transit for these two dates. Avon Station is the Town’s primary transit hub where riders can transfer regional services operated by ECO or to the Gondola service operated by the Westin to reach Beaver Creek. Beaver Creek Resort Company (BCRC) is temporarily using a stop at Avon Station for skiers shuttle to their covered bridge stop. The stall they are temporarily using will ultimately be used by Avon Transit to accommodate future growth. The Elk Lot, operated by BCRC is another connection point between Avon Transit, Eco transit and BCRC transit. The Elk Lot has poor circulation and is undersized for existing demand. Analysis and recommendations of BCRC’s system is beyond the scope of this study. The Town and ECO routes are based out of the Swift Gulch operations facility located on the north side of I-70. This facility and the fleet stored and maintained at this site are described under Section E of this report. 3.1.1.1 Winter Services Figure 3.1 illustrates the current routes operated in winter. The winter schedule and routing underwent service changes in 2008. A comparison of Tables 3.1 and 3.2 illustrates the changes. To w n o f A v o n C o m p r e h e n s i v e T r a n s p o r t a t i o n P l a n Page 3-2 Fi g u r e 3 . 1 E x i s t i n g L o c a l a n d R e g i o n a l B u s R o u t e s Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-3 The main service difference between the 2007/2008 season and the 2008/2009 season was in the operation of the Beaver Creek Village Shuttle. In the 2007/2008 season Avon Transit operated this service between the Elk and Bear Parking lots and Beaver Creek Village, River Edge and the Landing. In the 2008/2009 season Beaver Creek Ski Resort began operating the service, limiting the service to peak hours only. Other minimal routing adjustments were made; most notably the Gondola Express serves Chapel Square in the 2008 winter service rather than the Red and Blue Lines serving this stop as in 2007. The Chapel Square change was made due to difficulties with a turning movement on the previous route and lack of ridership. Table 3.1 2007/2008 Avon Winter Route Hours and Frequency of Service Route AM or All Day PM Service Frequency Red Line 5:58 AM – 7:03 PM 20 minutes Blue Line 6:03 AM – 7:03 PM 20 minutes 7:40 AM – 10:05 AM 2:05 PM – 6:00 PM 5 minutes Gondola Express 10:05 AM – 2:05 PM 15 Minutes Black Line 7:03 PM – 11:03 PM 30 Minutes 6:30 AM – 12:00 PM 2:00 PM – 6:00 PM 5 Minutes 5:30 AM – 6:30 AM 12:00 PM – 2:00 PM; 6:00 PM – 9:00 PM 10 Minutes Beaver Creek Village – Green Line 9:00 PM – 2:30 AM 20 Minutes Table 3.2 2008/2009 Avon Winter Route Hours and Frequency of Service Route AM or All Day PM Service Frequency Red Line 6:00 AM – 7:00 PM 15 minutes Blue Line 6:06 AM – 7:00 PM 15 minutes Gondola Express 8:00 AM – 6:05 PM 10 minutes Black Line 7:00 PM – 11:00 PM 30 Minutes The Red Line Shuttle makes two loops, one serving Avon Crossing, Eaglebend North, Stonebridge, Eaglebend West and Elk Lot. The other loop serves the lodges and retail located on Beaver Creek Blvd, Benchmark Rd, Beaver Creek Place, and Lake Street. During the 2008/2009 season, the Red line frequency increased from 20 minutes to 15 minutes. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-4 The Blue Line Shuttle also is a looped route, with one large loop and one small loop. The large loop operates clockwise from Westgate Plaza, traveling north on West Beaver Creek Boulevard, Avon Road, and Benchmark Boulevard to Avon Station continuing to the Elk Lot. A small counter-clockwise loop then continues along Benchmark Boulevard to serve City Market, returning to Avon Station and continuing along US 6 to Westgate Plaza. The Black Line Shuttle is a combination of the other routes providing service between Avon Station and the Elk Lot to the mobile home park on the west and lodges and retail in downtown Avon. It consists of one large clockwise figure eight loop providing 30-minute headways between 7:00 PM and 11:00 PM daily. Together, the Red, Blue and Black lines are referred to as the “town routes”. The Gondola Express Shuttle connects the Gondola at Avon Station to lodges and retail businesses in Avon. It operates counter-clockwise along Benchmark Rd, Beavercreek Blvd, and Lake St on ten-minute headways. During the 2008/2009 season the Gondola Express operates every 10 minutes all day. This is less frequent in the peak periods but more in the midday than the previous winter season. Beaver Creek operates the Beaver Creek Village Shuttle from Avon Station to Beaver Creek Village between 8:00 AM and 11:30 AM and from 2:30 PM to 5:30 PM. These peak times were selected to serve mountain access demand patterns for upload and download. The River Front Gondola operates whenever the lower Beaver Creek chairlift is in service (i.e. snow level dependant) during the hours of 8:30 AM and 3:30 PM. For the past two ski seasons, the gondola commenced operation on December 20th and shut down on March 30th for a total of about 95 days of operation. The gondola has carrying capacity of 1,200 passengers per hour and is expandable to 1,600 passengers per hour through the addition of more cars. The Westin River Front operates the gondola at no charge to passengers. 3.1.1.2 Ridership by Stop and by Hour As illustrated in Table 3.3, Avon Transit had a total of 2,321 boardings on the Red, Blue, Black and Gondola routes on February 18, 2008. 2008 data for ECO Transit was not available by stop. It was estimated by increasing 2006 data for the same weekend day by 23% the overall increase in ECO ridership between 2006 and 20081 for the selected stops on that day. Based on this calculation ECO served another 1,465 riders in the Avon area on that day. These numbers represent one-way unlinked transit trips and therefore do not account for transfers between routes and systems. 1 According to ECO Transit, the peak period ridership increase between 2006 and 2008 was 23% for Avon stops on selected days. The systemwide increase between 2006 and 2008 was 38%. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-5 Table 3.3 Ridership by Stop February 18, 2008 Town Routes Stop Red Blue Black Lodging Route Gondola Regional Route ECO* Total Aspens Mobile Home Park 168 31 199 Avon Station 35 121 11 474 710 1,351 Avon Crossing 4 28 32 Bear Lot 247 247 Chapel Square 18 13 31 Christie Lodge 108 92 18 112 331 Christy Sports 11 5 16 City Market 55 115 45 23 238 Comfort Inn 22 82 104 Eaglebend North 41 41 Eaglebend West 58 3 28 89 Elk Lot 134 38 16 109 297 Lake Street 66 21 6 159 252 Library 1 1 Rivers Edge 66 66 River Oaks 52 52 River View 54 54 Sheraton Mtn. Vista 20 20 Shop and Hop 38 38 Stone Creek 39 39 Stonebridge Drive 75 2 77 Walmart 140 140 Westgate Plaza 74 6 80 West Beaver Creek Blvd 10 10 Total By Route 627 672 166 856 1,465 3,786 % of Total 38.7% 22.6% 38.7% 100.0% Sources: Town of Avon, ECO Transit stop level ridership data. * ECO Transit is included because they also stop at Avon’s core hub, the Avon Station and provide regional access to Avon’s residents and visitors. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-6 Figure 3.2 illustrates boardings by hour by route. As shown, boarding activity peaks in the morning between 8 and 11 AM accounting for about 28% of the total daily boardings. The Gondola route experiences a spike in activity, nearly 20% of average daily ridership, during the 4 PM hour as skiers depart the mountain. Figure 3.2 Winter Boardings by Hour by Route Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-7 3.1.1.3 Summer Services Figure 3.3 illustrates the routes operated in summer. The frequency and hours of operation are illustrated in Table 3.4. The Gondola Express Shuttle does not operate in the summer. Table 3.4 Summer Route Hours and Frequency of Service Route Hours Frequency Combined Route 6:00 AM – 7:13 AM 7:13 AM – 10:13 AM 10:13 AM – 12:28 PM 12:28 PM – 6:13 PM 6:13 PM – 8:28 PM 8:28 PM – 10:28 PM 10:28 PM – 11:18 PM 30 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes Figure 3.3 Summer Town Route Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-8 3.1.1.4 Ridership by Stop and by Hour Table 3.5 summarizes ridership by stop on July 26, 2008. As shown, Avon Transit had a total of 785 boardings on the Town Routes (combined Red, Blue, and Black). ECO served another 480 riders in the Avon area on that day. Similar to the winter calculations, these numbers represent one-way unlinked transit trips and therefore do not account for transfers between routes and systems. A comparison of summer and winter stop activity is illustrated graphically in Figure 3.4. Table 3.5 Ridership by Stop July 26, 2008 Stop Town Routes ECO Total Aspens Mobile Home Park 140 140 Avon Station 156 230 386 Avon Crossing 5 5 Bear Lot 100 100 Chapel Square 4 4 Christie Lodge 37 37 Christy Sports 1 1 City Market 162 162 Eaglebend North 21 21 Eaglebend West 32 0 32 Elk Lot 74 20 94 Rivers Edge 16 10 26 River Oaks 10 10 River View 20 20 Sheraton Mtn. Vista 9 9 Shop and Hop 10 10 Stone Creek 0 0 Stonebridge Drive 41 41 Walmart 80 80 Westgate Plaza 82 82 West Beaver Creek Blvd 5 5 Total By Route 785 480 1,265 % of Total 62.1% 37.9% 100% Sources: Town of Avon, ECO Transit stop level ridership data. To w n o f A v o n C o m p r e h e n s i v e T r a n s p o r t a t i o n P l a n Page 3-9 Fi g u r e 3 . 4 . R i d e r s h i p b y S t o p – W i n t e r a n d S u m m e r Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-10 Figure 3.5 illustrates lists boardings by hour by route during a peak summer day. Boarding activity is spread more evenly over the day than during the winter with peak activity occurring in the late morning from 10 AM to 1 PM and early afternoon from 2 to 5 PM. Figure 3.5 Summer Boardings by Hour and Route Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-11 3.1.1.5 Service Characteristics The 2008 ridership level, by month and by route, is illustrated in Figure 3.6. Total ridership averages nearly 60,000 per month in the beginning of 2008 (January through March); about 23,500 April through November and 54,500 in December). Figure 3.6 Avon Transit Ridership by Route by Month Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-12 Figure 3.7 illustrates ridership on the Beaver Creek shuttle early in 2008 when Avon operated this service for Beaver Creek. This service averaged about 200,000 boardings per month during the first three months of 2008. Figure 3.7 2008 Beaver Creek Shuttle Boardings by Month Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-13 The service hours operated each month are illustrated in Figure 3.8. The current level of service provided by the system matches well with the seasonal ridership patterns shown in Figure 3.6. As shown, during the first three months of the year service hours exceed 1,500 per month. During the summer months the combined town routes averaged about 1,000 hours per month and returned to about 1,500 hours with the start of the ski season in December. Figure 3.8 Avon Transit Service Hours by Route Figure 3.9 illustrates the service hours for the Beaver Creek shuttle early in 2008 when Avon operated this service for Beaver Creek. As shown, this service averaged about 2,500 service hours per month during the first three months of 2008. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-14 Figure 3.9 2008 Beaver Creek Shuttle Service Hours Table 3.6 shows the riders per hour over the course of the year, one measure of effectiveness of the system. As shown, Avon’s routes range 18 boardings per hour in May to 38 boardings per hour in March, with an annual average of 29 boardings per hour. Winter boardings per hour are approximately 48% higher than during summer. Avon Transit accommodates this by providing about 50% more service (measured in service hours per month as shown on Figure 3.8) during the winter ski season. The flatter hourly pattern during the summer means that buses are less full at any given time but the frequency of service is still appropriate. Table 3.6 2008 Boardings per Hour by Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Average Avon Routes 35 37 38 25 18 24 26 26 23 23 23 37 29 Beaver Creek Shuttle 87 79 80 65 - - - - - - - - 80 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-15 3.1.2 Wal-Mart and Buffalo Ridge Demonstration Service The Village at Avon is home to a number of big box destinations in Avon such as Wal-mart and Home Depot. Buffalo Ridge is a large residential development on the north side of I-70 that currently has approximately 250 multi-family dwelling units. Between June 2006 and April 2007 the Town of Avon modified the Blue and Red routes to include stops at the Village at Avon and Buffalo Ridge. This demonstration service was used to assess the demand for service to the area. The demonstration project showed that there was substantial demand for service to Wal- mart and Buffalo Ridge. Table 3.7 compares data collected during the demonstration period to the winter peak analysis day described above. As shown, adding the Wal-mart and Buffalo Ridge boarding activity to the 2008 peak winter day boarding activity would increase overall activity by 20%. The Wal-mart stop would have been the fourth busiest stop in the system. Table 3.7 Potential Increase in 2008 Peak Winter Day Ridership Red Blue Black Gondola Total Boardings By Route (2008) 627 672 166 856 2,321 Boardings at Wal-mart and Buffalo Ridge (2007) 197 172 - - 466 % Increase 31% 26% - - 20% The other consideration when evaluating this demonstration service is the increase in service hours required to serve this stop. The town of Avon estimated that providing service to Wal- mart and Buffalo Ridge added 18.5 service hours per day. This would result in approximately 25 boardings per hour. This is somewhat lower than the average annual boardings per month shown in Table 3.6 reflecting the long additional distance required to serve Wal-mart and Buffalo Ridge. While these measures demonstrate the high demand for service to Buffalo Ridge and Wal-mart, Avon’s service was discontinued because the developer has refused to pay for transit service. ECO Transit does provide fare-based service to the Village at Avon. Avon residents walking from Wal-Mart back to Avon’s core area along East Beaver Creek Boulevard. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-16 Avon Transit continues to receive requests each month from the community to provide fare-free transit connectivity between Avon’s core area and the Village at Avon. 3.1.3 ECO Transit Routes The regional service operated by ECO Transit is also illustrated in Figure 3.1. Table 3.8 lists ECO’s transit routes and frequencies. These routes serve local trips along US 6 and between Avon Station and the Wal-Mart / Home Depot commercial center, but more importantly they provide regional connections for employees and visitors wishing to travel to other areas in Eagle and Lake Counties. Approximately 71% of Avon’s workforce lives outside of Avon and many use ECO Transit or carpool to work. 2 The Minturn and Leadville routes are primarily commuter routes with services operating only in the AM and PM peak hours. Both routes serve Wal-Mart, Avon Station and the Elk Lot. The Leadville route also serves Beaver Creek and City Market. The US 6 route runs between Vail and Edwards serving Avon at Avon Station, the Elk Lot, and the Bear Lot. The Dotsero route operates throughout the day, serving the Wal-Mart, Avon Station, the Elk Lot, and the Bear Lot. Service to Wal-Mart and the Bear Lot is limited to three trips per day while service to Avon Station and the Elk Lot is approximately every 30 minutes throughout the day. Service between Vail, Avon, and Beaver Creek is provided along I-70, stopping in Avon at Avon Station. 2 Town of Avon Housing Needs Assessment, RRC Associates, Inc. 2006. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-17 Table 3.8 ECO Transit Routes, Frequencies and Fares Route Description Service Times Frequency* Fare 5:45 AM - 6:45 AM 15 Minutes 6:45 AM - 8:15 AM 20 Minutes 8:15 AM - 4:50 PM 70 Minutes Dotsero East Dotsero to Gypsum, Eagle Airport, Eagle, Avon, and Vail 4:50 PM - 11:22 PM 75 Minutes $3 6:50 AM - 11:30 AM 60 Minutes 11:30 AM - 1:30 PM 120 Minutes 1:30 PM - 4:30 PM 70 Minutes 4:30 PM - 6:30 PM 30 Minutes Dotsero West Vail and Avon to Eagle, Eagle Airport, Gypsum and Dotsero 6:30 PM - 2:15 PM Varies $3 5:00 AM - 6:00 AM 60 Minutes 6:00 AM - 8:00 AM 15 Minutes 8:00 AM - 4:30 PM 30 Minutes 4:30 PM - 5:00 PM 15 Minutes 5:00 PM - 8:00 PM 30 Minutes US 6 East Edwards to Avon, Eagle-Vail, and Vail 8:00 PM - 1:00 AM 60 Minutes $3 5:37 AM - 3:37 PM 30 Minutes 3:37 PM - 7:37 PM Alternates 5 minutes and 20 minutes 7:37 PM - 8:37 PM 30 Minutes US 6 West Vail to Eagle-Vail, Avon and Edwards 8:37 PM - 1:37 AM 60 Minutes $3 6:05 AM - 2:33 PM 100 Minutes Minturn Minturn to Avon 5:00 PM - 11:50 PM 100 Minutes $3 5:35 AM - 6:15 AM 20 Minutes Leadville Leadville to Vail, Avon and Beaver Creek 3:50 PM - 4:50 PM 60 Minutes $5 7:40 AM -10:00 AM 20 Minutes 10:00 AM - 11:00 AM 30 Minutes 11:00 AM - 2:00 pm 60 Minutes 2:00 PM - 3:00 PM 30 Minutes 3:00 PM - 5:00 PM 20 Minutes 5:00 PM - 6:00 PM 30 Minutes Vail/Beaver Creek on I-70 Express Service between Vail, Avon, and Beaver Creek 6:00 PM - 12:00 AM 60 Minutes $5 * Approximate Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-18 3.1.4 Stops and Stop Amenities Avon’s current bus stops range from the Avon Transfer Station with various rider amenities (a “hub”) to small shelters with schedules and trash cans (a “stop”) to a simple sign with a posted schedule. Pictures of each of the stops are included below. Aspens Mobile Home Park Avon Station Avon Crossing Chapel Square Christie Lodge Christy Sports Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-19 City Market Comfort Inn Eaglebend North Eaglebend West Library Rivers Edge River Front Gondola Sheraton Mtn. Vista Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-20 Stone Creek Stonebridge Drive Westgate Plaza West Beaver Creek Blvd Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-21 Table 3.9 summarizes the amenities present at each stop. Bus stop standards are included in the Supplemental Materials. Table 3.9 Transit Stop Amenities Shelter Bench Trash Can Schedule Post Schedule Holder The Aspens √ √ √ √ Avon Crossing/Canyon Run √ √ √ Chapel Square √ Christie Lodge √ Christy Sports √ √ √ City Market SB √ √ √ City Market NB √ √ √ Comfort Inn √ √ Eaglebend North √ √ √ Eaglebend West √ √ √ Recreation Center River Front Gondola √ √ River Edge √ Sheraton Mtn. Vista √ √ Stonebridge Drive √ √ √ Westgate √ √ √ West Beaver Creek Blvd √ √ √ √ 3.1.5 Fleet and Facilities The Town of Avon fleet consists of ten accessible passenger vehicles. There are two small (19- 21 passenger) gasoline-powered vehicles with a four-year useful life and eight full size coaches with a 12-year useful life. This allows the system to assign smaller capacity coaches at times or on routes where ridership is lower. The town annually sets aside funds for asset maintenance and replacement. Table 3.10 lists the fleet characteristics. Four vehicles have reached the end of their useful life. Two cut-aways were removed from service in 2008 due to failed structural and moisture proofing systems which resulted in mold; these were older vehicles (814 and 815) due for replacement in 2005. One new Gillig coach (#855) has a diesel-electric hybrid engine. The remainder of the fleet has diesel engines. The Town of Avon’s Transit Division operates out of the Swift Gulch operations facility. The facility currently is home to 19 transit personnel and 25 transit vehicles. ECO transit and Beaver Creek Metro District lease space at this site. The site provides parking for transit vehicles, service vehicles and employees. All vehicles are stored outdoors in harsh mountain conditions. It houses administrative offices, employee lockers, showers, a break room, training facilities, fleet maintenance bays, fueling, a bush wash and commercial driver’s license course. This facility requires replacement and expansion to meet current and future demands. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-22 The Town has identified a project to expand the facility and provide covered storage for vehicles. This facility would be shared with Eagle County and is referred to as the “ECO/Avon Joint Regional Facility”. This project would include one building for bus storage and a second building to house operations. It would double the throughput of bus re-fueling and bus washing, add a commercial driver’s license training and testing course, include training facilities with internet access and video conferencing, and provide storage for bus stop shelter materials and associated infrastructure. Construction is anticipated in 2010-2011. This $25 million project has been submitted for State and Federal transit grant funding. As of April 1, 2009, full funding for construction of this planned facility has not yet been obtained. The project was reviewed by CDOT and ranked very highly in the State’s overall goals for connectivity and mobility. It is also “ready to go” and will act as a stimulant to the current economic condition. At present it is the top ranked unfunded transit facilities project on CDOT’s Senate Bill 1 list. The project also ranks highly on several pending FTA grant request lists. Table 3.10 Fleet Roster Capacity Make/Model Year Unit # Useful Life Replac e in Year Mileage Seat Stand W/C Fuel Condition Gillig Phantom 1994 830 12-yr 2006 496,008 37 20 2 D Fair Gillig Phantom 1996 838 12-yr 2008 132,791 43 20 2 D Good Gillig Phantom 1998 849 12-yr 2010 320,992 43 20 2 D Excellent Gillig Phantom 2003 850 12-yr 2013 21,393 35 20 2 D Excellent Ford E-450 2004 816 4-yr 2008 104,325 19 - 2 G Fair Ford E-450 2004 817 4-yr 2008 97,394 19 - 2 G Fair Optima Opus 2005 853 12-yr 2015 48,668 28 - 2 D - Gillig Phantom 2007 854 12-yr 2019 - 28 10 - - Excellent Gillig Phantom 2008 855 12-yr 2020 - 28 10 - Hybrid Excellent Gillig Phantom 2008 856 12-yr 2020 - 28 10 - - Excellent 3.1.6 Budget and Funding Avon Transit operates as an enterprise fund within the Town of Avon’s overall financial program. The Town funds transit services primarily through General Fund dollars and contributions from third parties. Federal and State funds are pursued for capital expenditures. In the 2007/2008 winter season, the Town was under contract to operate the Beaver Creek Resort parking lot shuttles (but not for the 2008/2009 Winter season). The agreement for the provision of municipal services in the Village at Avon includes transit services but to date, Traer Creek Metro District, LLC has not paid for or requested transit service to connect Wal-Mart and Home Depot to Avon’s other areas. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-23 Federal Transit Administration grant funds are routinely applied to vehicles, equipment and facilities purchases. These grant funds are able to pay for up to 80% of the cost of capital purchases. In recent years, however, Avon (and other transit agencies) has only been allocated 10-20% of their requested amount due to a shortage of federal funding dollars. The Town of Avon spent $2,519,287 on transit services in 2008, with $380,092 of this for buses and other transportation related capital expenses. The pie charts below illustrate expenses and revenues by category. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-24 On the revenue side, the general fund subsidy has increased since 2006. With Avon no longer operating contract service for Beaver Creek, this trend is expected to continue. While this change reduces the total service hours operated, the other impact is that the system is no longer able to spread fixed overhead expenses over a larger base of service hours and riders. On the expense side, the combination of administrative, operating, and marketing costs are used as a basis for understanding the ongoing system costs. The remaining capital expenses can vary substantially from year-to-year. Figure 3.10 illustrates the historical shared cost per service hour. In 2008 the cost of operation per service hour was calculated at $62.33. For 2009 the Town estimates that transit costs will be approximately $90.00 per service hour.3 It is also useful to understand costs per rider based on service type. Table 3.11 illustrates the estimated costs allocated by route based on 2008 service levels. With the system not operating the Beaver Creek parking lot shuttle in 2009, the costs per passenger for other route services are expected to increase somewhat. Figure 3.11 illustrates the historical change in subsidy from the Town’s general fund to Avon Transit’s Enterprise Fund per passenger. Table 3.11 Productivity by Service Type Service Hours 2008 Cost Passenger Trips Cost per Passenger Trip Town Routes 13,095$1,062,755448,000 $ 2.37 Gondola Express Route 2,228$ 189,125 72,000 $ 2.63 Gondola 800$ 256,000 93,000 $ 2.75 BC Parking Lot Shuttle 9,903$ 549,714425,657 $ 1.29 TOTAL 26,026$2,057,5941,038,657 Avg. $ 1.98 Source: Town of Avon 3 Service hours include the running time of the routes plus about 20% additional hours for pre-and post-trip safety inspections, training, and the washing and refueling time Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-25 Figure 3.10 Historic Cost per Service Hour for Town Routes $- $10.00 $20.00 $30.00 $40.00 $50.00 $60.00 $70.00 $80.00 $90.00 $100.00 1998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010 Gross Town Route Operations Cost Shared Cost Per Service Hour Note: Excludes capital expenditures, gondola. Source: Town of Avon Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-26 Figure 3.11 Cost of Transit Service per Passenger $- $0.50 $1.00 $1.50 $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 $3.50 $4.00 $4.50 200220032004200520062007200820092010 General Fund Subsidy Per Passenger Served Gross Cost Per passenger Served Source: Town of Avon Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-27 3.2 FUTURE CONDITIONS Substantial planned residential and commercial development in the Town of Avon and Avon’s desire to encourage multi-modal travel within the Town will increase demand and change travel patterns on Avon’s transit system. This section describes the planned development, considerations for future transit service and three service scenarios to accommodate the future demand. 3.2.1 Planned Development This section describes the methodology for estimating transit ridership demand as a result of Avon’s planned development. At buildout Avon is expected to have approximately 4,800 new residential units, 250,000 square feet of new retail development and 187,000 square feet of new office development. More information about this new development is included in Chapter 1. 3.2.1.1 Future Road Network Figure 3.12 illustrates the planned road network. A new roadway is shown through the Village at Avon Planned Unit Development based on both the Village filing and the recognition that the existing roadway will likely not provide adequate access and capacity for the 2,000 units planned in this area. The final design of the roadways in the Village will influence transit routing patterns. A new road in the West Town Center area will connect Lake Street to Benchmark Road; it is referred to as Main Street. 3.2.2 Transit Demand Transit demand is made up of residents of Avon that live and work in Avon and Beaver Creek, employees of Avon and Beaver Creek that live outside the area and Avon and Beaver Creek visitors. Demand is dependent on many different aspects of travel such as parking availability, cost of parking, development density and type, congestion, and travel time to name a few. These factors make it difficult to pinpoint an exact mode share that will be achieved in the future. Because of this, transit demand is presented in a range. The low end is based roughly on today’s rate of transit activity. However by implementing more stringent parking policies, pay parking and maintaining frequent, reliable transit service the mode share could increase to the higher end estimate. The following section describes the future transit demand estimates associated with the different user populations. 3.2.2.1 Avon Transit Demand A production-based trip generation model was developed to estimate transit demand in the Town of Avon. This means that demand is based on trips produced from the development of residential and lodging units and distributed to attractions such as retail, office and commercial development. Total trips (vehicular, transit, other) were estimated using ITE’s trip generation rates for each new residential and lodging land use and new area served by transit. Mode splits were then applied to these trip generation estimates and an average auto occupancy number was applied to the resulting number to convert vehicle trips to person trips. The auto occupancy conversion used is 2.0. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-28 Figure 3.12 Planned Roadway and High Speed Rail Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-29 Figure 3.13 illustrates the three general subareas used for this analysis. The three subareas are referred to as the Town Core, the Outer Core and Mountain Rural. Development in the Town’s core area where there is dense mixed-use land uses will achieve the highest transit mode splits while low density residential only areas on the town periphery will achieve only minimal transit ridership. Table 3.12 illustrates the range of mode splits based on the location of new development within Avon. Both the low and high mode share splits assume that the Town will continue to promote a transit friendly, less auto-oriented community and that new developments will be transit-oriented. The high-end mode share reflects the addition of the proposed high-speed rail connecting Avon to Vail, Denver, DIA, and Glenwood Springs. An intermodal, high-speed regional rail station in Avon would serve Minturn, Eagle Vail, and Edwards and would significantly increase transit demand in the Town of Avon. Table 3.12 Mode Share Estimates Transit Mode Share Town Area Low High Core Area 11% 20% Outer Core 5% 10% Mountain Rural 1% 3% Table 3.13 lists the resulting transit trip demand estimated for new developments and existing developments that are not currently served today but are expected to be served in the future. These daily numbers reflect average winter day ridership increases as a result of the new development. In 2008, summer ridership on the Town routes was 42% of the winter totals. Table 3.13 New Avon Transit Demand at Buildout (Average Winter Day) New Daily Avon Transit Demand Planned Development Low Mode Share High Mode Share East Town Center Condo/Townhouse 690 1254 West Town Center Condo/Townhouse 690 1250 Village at Avon Condo/Townhouse 240 720 Village at Avon Single Family 18 54 Confluence Condo/Townhouse 350 640 Swift Gulch Condo/Townhouse (existing) 300 600 Swift Gulch Condo/Townhouse (new) 4 12 Folson Condo/Townhouse 40 76 Buck Creek Condo/Townhouse 4 14 Benchmark Condo/Townhouse 106 318 Wildridge Condo/Townhouse (new) 0 2 Wildridge Single Family (new) 25 75 Wildridge (existing) 30 90 Daily Total 2,497 5,105 Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-30 Figure 3.13 Town of Avon Transit Subareas Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-31 Figure 3.14 illustrates the anticipated daily growth in ridership for winter and summer seasons to the future demand identified in Table 3.13 based on an annual growth rate of 200 units annually. While it is recognized that growth will vary from year-to-year, this chart illustrates the anticipated range of ridership increases as the Town moves towards buildout. These ridership increases would be in addition to the existing average ridership of 1,900 daily riders in the winter and 800 daily riders in the summer. Figure 3.14 Increase in Ridership as Town Builds Out At buildout ridership projections indicate that the Town’s transit services will carry between 1.02 million and 1.65 million riders annually depending on the level of service provided and the availability of high-speed regional rail. Table 3.14 illustrates the range of low and high ridership projected at buildout. Table 3.14 Town of Avon Annual Ridership Projections at Buildout Annual Ridership Range Low High Existing 420,000 420,000 New 597,000 1,233,000 Total 1,017,000 1,653,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 200 600 1,00 0 1,400 1,800 2,2 0 0 2,600 3,000 3,4 0 0 3,80 0 4,200 Housing Units Built Ad d i t i o n a l D a i l y T r a n s i t T r i p s Winter Low Winter High Summer Low Summer High Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-32 3.2.2.2 Beaver Creek Demand In the past Avon has also operated transit service for Beaver Creek (serving Avon Station, Elk Lot, Bear Lot and Beaver Creek Village). This route carried 200,000 riders a month or an average of 6,700 per day. On a busy winter day this route is estimated to have carried approximately 9,000 passengers. Estimates made by Town staff suggest that there is limited ability to increase Beaver Creek’s capacity of “skiers at one time”, so growth is anticipated to increase the number of peak days in the season. 3.2.2.3 Employment Demand In addition to transit demand generated by residential development within the Town of Avon, employees arriving to Avon from outside the area by ECO transit will also generate transit demand. A recent Eagle County employment study indicates that by 2030 there will be an increase of 11,000 people who live outside of Town and commute to new jobs in Avon4. If 15% of these employees ride regional transit and 20% of those riders transfer to Avon transit to reach their final destination this would increase transit demand by approximately 330 employees riding transit daily and 660 transit trips. The importance of employment transportation for employees arriving via ECO will continue to grow as the community reaches build-out. Serving these employees effectively is anticipated to require service to transferring passengers whose place of employment is not on the ECO routes. 3.2.3 Alternatives Future bus routing options were identified to accommodate planned development at buildout of Avon. A map of the near-term option developed with town staff is provided followed by a description of options to accommodate the long-term demand anticipated. These options should be considered a guide to development of future transit because specific routing patterns may emerge in response to development and the new road network as it occurs. The Town of Avon Comprehensive Plan includes many goals and objectives to create an integrated transit system that minimizes dependence on automobile travel within the Town. Transit service that facilitates access to businesses, community services and nightlife is also vital to other place-making goals described in the Comprehensive Plan. Development of future transit alternatives considered the existing and future travel patterns, land use types, and the Town’s general transportation policies and goals. Specific considerations for future transit alternatives are discussed below. One-Way versus Bi Directional Service The Comprehensive Plan calls for consideration of future bi-directional service. Bi-directional service patterns enable passengers to travel the shortest distance to their destination rather than riding a long loop around in one direction. It is, however, recognized that bi-directional service requires twice as many resources to provide the same frequency of service as a looped route (e.g. a 15-minute one-way loop would require the same number of bus hours as a 30-minute bidirectional loop. To maintain a 15-minute headway and provide bidirectional service would require twice as many bus hours). In areas where there is not a significant travel 4 Local and Regional Travel Patterns Study, 2004, RCC Associates, Charlier Associates, and Healthy Mountain Communities Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-33 time improvement the Town may choose to continue with single direction loops, with incremental increases in frequency. Reducing headways by 5 minutes could be a precursor to providing bidirectional service to accommodate additional demand. It is recommended that the Transportation Department conduct regular assessments of ridership to determine the best timing for changing a route from a single direction loop to bi-directional. Direct Connections A single seat ride between origins and destinations (a direct connection) improves the desirability of transit service and therefore provides the ability to capture a higher share of people riding transit. Existing and emerging land use patterns indicate that there will be a substantial demand for traveling across town between residences on the west end of town and the big box retailers on Post Boulevard. There are a number of ways to improve east/west travel across town: • Extend the Blue Route to Post Boulevard • Interline the Blue Route or Red Routes and a new route serving the east end enabling passengers to stay onboard and avoid having to transfer to another vehicle. • Expand the gondola loop to serve the west end (preferably bi-directional) Direct connections to Beaver Creek Village are also desirable to enable visitors to travel between events and amenities in Beaver Creek Village and Avon town center. This will be especially true as the Town builds out and the East and West town center areas are re- developed and enhanced. One option for providing a direct connection between Beaver Creek Village and the Avon Town Center might be interlining the Gondola Express Route with the Beaver Creek Shuttle (e.g. returning to a pre-2008 “skier shuttle” route). Land Use Patterns Transit supportive areas are those developments with high enough residential density and/or employment density to merit being served by transit. For this exercise, Avon has been broken into three different sub area types where service could be provided. The first area is the Town Core. This area is roughly bounded by West Beaver Creek Boulevard on the west, Beaver Creek Place on the east, I-70 on the north and US 6 on the south. The entire Town Core is considered transit supportive and has the highest density of residential units, employment, and activity centers. Areas contiguous with the currently defined Town Core area could be added to the Town Core definition if they match the residential density and employment density of the existing core area. The second area is called the Outer Core. The transit supportive areas in the Outer Core still have a solid density of residents or jobs, but perhaps not both. Generally the activity centers are much more limited in the Outer Core. The third area is referred Mountain Rural – The transit supportive areas within the Mountain Rural classification are those areas that have the lowest residential density and may have minimal or no employment. Typically a residential density of ten or more people per acre within walking distance of the route is needed for viable fixed route service. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-34 As the Village at Avon is developed, the outer core area will have more transit supportive development. This development provides an example of the range of densities that might be used for Town Core and Outer Core. The PUD for the Village at Avon calls for the densest development on the west end with 25 dwelling units per acre and somewhat lower densities in the central and east end with residential densities of 15 dwelling units per acre. Using the Town’s average of 3 people per dwelling unit, the west side would have 75 people per acre and likely be included in the Town Core category. The central and east sides would have 45 people per acre and would likely be part of the Outer Core. The west end of the Village at Avon is anticipated to have densities equivalent to the Town Core and the east end may vary between Town Core and Outer Core designations, depending on how development occurs. Transit services should only be provided in the outer core and mountain rural classifications when a logical route can be structured to serve contiguous or connecting areas can be operated. The Town will need to balance the need to provide transit service to new developments (or outlying areas) with transit service productivity as measured in passengers per hour. It is recommended that transit service not be expanded to areas until there is adequate development to meet the Town’s productivity standards. • The 2008 figures show the Town carried an average of 43 passengers per hour in the winter on Town routes and 28 passengers per hour on its summer routes. • Routes serving residential and lower density areas may have ridership levels closer to the summer averages but these levels will occur on a year-round basis. • New service will initially have lower levels of ridership, but the expectation would be that within two seasons any additions will meet system standards. Parking Policies Parking policies will influence transit demand. Pay parking within the Town of Avon and/or at the existing Beaver Creek day skier parking lots would increase transit travel by visitors and employees. The Town anticipates that the free day-skier lots will likely change to pay lots in the near future. Seasonal Variation The Comprehensive Plan promotes an integrated and less-seasonal transit operation of the main Town Routes. The winter season is assumed to be 130-135 days long and the summer level of service would be in place the remainder of the year; a separate operating plan for the shoulder season is not expected to be necessary. Year-round service to the residential areas that can support transit service will be necessary to build transit use among employees. Summer service levels will be maintained to provide good connections while trying to retain a balance with productivity. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-35 Planned Regional Rail Service The Rocky Mountain Rail Authority has initiated a study that is evaluating the feasibility of high- speed rail service connecting the Denver Metropolitan Area and DIA to the mountains and resort communities in the I-70 corridor. Avon anticipates the inclusion of a multimodal transit facility on the east end of Town near Post Boulevard’s intersection with the railroad tracks. 3.2.3.1 Near-Term Figure 3.15 illustrates a transit service plan to address near term transit demand in Avon. This plan builds on the current routing plan but adds additional services to areas where growth has occurred. The service hours can be increased over time to keep pace with development. A near-term plan would provide approximately 20,000 hours of service annually on the Town routes, about 6,000 hours more than what was provided in 2008. This plan will need to be implemented by the time there are an additional 1,000 to 1,200 housing units built over 2008 levels to accommodate anticipated growth. This assumes the low mode share levels and productivity levels similar to today. Red Route The Red Route would be extended east to serve Buffalo Ridge and the big box stores on Post Boulevard. A previous demonstration of transit service to the Village at Avon showed a high demand for service along this route. It would continue to serve lodges along East Beaver Creek Boulevard and Benchmark Road as well as those along Hurd Lane with service to the Elk Lot. The planned route would initially operate in a counter clockwise direction with 30-minute headways. Blue Route The Blue Route would also be extended east to serve the big box stores on Post Boulevard. It would continue to serve West Beaver Creek Boulevard, US 6, the Elk Lot and Avon Station. Service would be bidirectional and would be provided every 30 minutes. Gondola Express Route Service would continue to be provided at 2009 levels. This includes one bus operating at loop intervals of approximately seven minutes for 10 hours a day during the winter season. Beaver Creek Shuttle Beaver Creek Resort Company operated this service in the 2008/2009 season and it expected to continue to operate the service in the near term. This plan does not include analysis of BCRC's transit system. Thus the level of service and total operating cost to the Town for operating of the green line in future years is unclear at this time. Note however that the Town of Avon has been requested to contribute to BCRC's cost of operating this route during ski season via a cost sharing agreement (e.g., between all service partners such as Beaver Creek Ski Company, Vail Resorts, and Avon). For purposes of this plan, it is assumed that Avon Transit incurs no service hours but could incur an annual cost of up to $135,000/yr for contribution to green line service. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-36 Figure 3.15 Near -Term Transit Plan Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-37 Riverfront Gondola The Gondola’s current capacity is 1,200 passengers per hour. Adding cars increases this capacity to a maximum of 1,600 passengers per hour. The Near-Term plan does not include capital costs associated with adding cars to increase the capacity of this service. Wildridge Route This plan anticipates new transit service being provided to the Wildridge residential area connecting residents to Avon Station at some point in the next 10 to 12 years. The service plan includes approximately 60 hours of service per week. A four wheel drive vehicle will be necessary to operate this service reliably through Wildridge’s mountainous terrain during inclement weather. Fleet While the exact fleet size can’t be identified without developing a specific operating plan, the preliminary evaluation of near-term services indicates that two to three additional vehicles will be needed to provide the service identified. Budget The operating cost for the near-term alternative is approximately $2.0 million annually in 2008 dollars (22,000 bus hours at $90/hour). The cost per rider for most of the routes is expected to be less than $3.00 (in 2009 dollars) once the routes have been established for a year or so. The cost per rider for the Wildridge route will be higher due to the low density of development, distance from the town center, and the relatively low mode split anticipated; operation of this route as described should be expected to have an associated cost of about $20 to $30 per boarding. It may be more appropriate to initiate services on a truncated route (e.g., to the east end of Nottingham or to the Metcalf truck turn around) and then evaluate ridership patterns before extending the route up Wildridge Road. Costs include maintenance of buses and facilities. These can dramatically change depending on fuel, inflation and changes in operating costs. In addition, the Town contributes funding to the Gondola operation and may contribute funding to operation of the Beaver Creek Shuttle. 3.2.3.2 Long-Term Routes In the long-term it is anticipated that growth in residences, visitors and employment in Avon will require somewhere between 38,000 and 60,000 service hours annually to accommodate Town transit demand. This compares to the 14,000 hours provided in 2008. This range reflects the low and high levels of mode share identified in the demand section. The location and timing of future developments will play a big role in how routes are modified and expanded over time to achieve these additional service hours. A few suggested options to enhance service in the area are discussed below. Figure 3.16 illustrates the areas in the Town of Avon expected to warrant transit service at buildout. Buffalo Ridge and Village Service While the near term plan extends existing services east to cover this area, future demand for travel between the Village at Avon and the rest of Avon will warrant providing additional hours to this area. This could come in the form of a new route or by adding buses to the existing red and blue routes to improve frequency and/or provide bi directional service. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-38 Gondola Express/Beaver Creek Shuttle The Gondola Express Route and the Beaver Creek Shuttle could be operated as one route to provide a single seat ride from many of Avon’s lodging units to Beaver Creek Village. During the summer season the Gondola Express Route would be dropped and only the Beaver Creek Shuttle would be operated. Figure 3.16 Areas Served by Avon Transit at Buildout Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-39 Riverfront Gondola As demand grows, adding capacity to the Gondola will be an effective way to increase the person carrying capacity to the base of Beaver Creek and limit the need to add buses along Village Road to serve Beaver Creek Wildridge Route A preliminary evaluation of this route indicated that it would have sufficient resources to be combined (or interlined) with a new route serving Swift Gulch, Post Boulevard and East Beaver Creek Boulevard. Interlining these two routes would be a more efficient use of the Town’s resources than providing a separate bus and driver for each route. However, the four wheel drive vehicle expected to be required to operate the Wildridge service may not be a practical vehicle to operate on another route. Demand for service to the Wildridge area is not expected to require additional service beyond what is planned in the near term. However, should demand for this service grow, additional service could be provided by increasing frequency of service to 30 minutes or providing additional peak period service as necessary to meet demand. As with all services, providing more service to an area should be evaluated to ensure that it can be implemented cost effectively. Fleet While the exact fleet size can’t be identified without developing a long-term operating plan, the preliminary evaluation of services indicates that a fleet of between 14 and 17 vehicles would be needed to accommodate future demand for Town services. An additional 14% in spare vehicles are also needed resulting in a total of 15 to 19 vehicles at build-out. In addition, the fleet will require at least two vehicles suitable for paratransit or other specialized services – one in- service and one spare (e.g. cut-aways, commercial vans, etc.) Finally, non-revenue vehicles such as a maintenance truck and a supervisory vehicle should be included on the fleet roster. Budget In the long-term it is anticipated that an annual operating budget of between $3.2 and $5.1 million will be needed to provide service that accommodates planned development. These costs include maintenance of buses and facilities. These can dramatically change depending on fuel, inflation and changes in operating costs. Town contributions to the Gondola operation and operation of the Beaver Creek Shuttle are not included in these estimates. 3.2.4 Bus Stop Improvements Based on bi-directional service on most roadways, Figure 3.17 illustrates the location of bus stops that will be needed. For areas where service does not exist today these locations are approximate and final decisions will need to be made based on a traffic engineering review. As appropriate, Avon should work with ECO Transit, the school district, and Beaver Creek Resort to coordinate the location of bus stops. Details about when bus stops should be added and guidelines for their placement and design are included in Chapter 3, Bus Stop Guidelines. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-40 Figure 3.17 Suggested Stops Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-41 3.2.5 Maintenance/Operations As discussed in the existing conditions section, the Town of Avon and Eagle County are planning to construct an expanded shared bus maintenance and operations facility to replace the current Swift Gulch facility. Based on the service planning options discussed here, the maintenance and operations facility should plan to accommodate indoor parking for to 21 full- size buses, two paratransit vehicles and about six auxiliary vehicles at buildout for Avon service. 3.2.6 Capital and Operating Costs Table 3.15 summarizes the growth in annual operating costs between 2009 and 2035. The operating cost for the near-term alternative is approximately $2.0 million annually in 2008 dollars. In the long-term it is anticipated that an annual budget of about $3.5 million will be needed to operate service that accommodates planned development. The addition of a regional rail hub in the Town of Avon could increase transit demand substantially and require additional local service be provided to support the rail line. Under that scenario the annual budget to operate services in the Town could reach somewhere around $5 million. These costs are based on $90 per hour and include maintenance of buses and facilities. Table 3.15 Operating Costs and Service Hour Estimate Year 2009 2010 2020 2035 (Buildout)Comments Town Routes 13,100 11,600 12,130 14,500 Assumes about half of projected service hour growth occurs in near-term Gondola Express 1,150 1,150 1,150 2,300 Assumes second bus added in future Village at Avon - 6,800 8,920 14,500 Assumes additional buses added in future Wildridge - - - 3,744 Assumes 60 hrs/wk in route Beaver Creek Village - - - 4,528 Assumes Avon resumes operation of this route Total Service Hours 14,250 19,550 22,200 39,572 Estimated Bus Route Operations Cost (@$90/ service hour) $1.3 m $1.8 m $2.0 m $3.6 m Does not include gondola operations, capital costs Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-42 In addition to the operating costs described above, the budget for Avon Transit will need to account for the growing fleet needs and replacement of the existing fleet. It is recommended that financing be provided for the fleet on an annualized basis. Table 3.16 identifies life-cycle costs for vehicles. The fleet costs will increases as transit services build. This table illustrates hybrid buses rather than clean diesel. While the initial cost of hybrid vehicles are higher, fuels costs are lower and the public has voiced support for hybrids and other environmental stewardship initiatives (e.g. 2008 Community Survey). Table 3.16 Fleet Costs Life-cycle Vehicle Costs Cost Each Life in Years Cost per Year Full-size Hybrid Bus $520,000 12 $74,000 Full-size Non Hybrid Bus $380,000 12 $54,100 Body-on-chassis/Vanterra Hybrid $200,000 7 $48,800 Four-wheel Drive Commercial Van $50,000 7 $12,200 Non-Revenue Vehicles $50,000 7 $12,200 1) Assumes 7% interest, 10 year lease purchase 2) Assumed 7% interest, 5 year lease purchase In addition, two other major capital costs are for bus stop and signage and routine facility upgrades. The Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards identify stops as Simple, Enhanced Level 1 and Enhanced Level 2. While it is assumed that developers will build the initial stops, paying for pull-outs, shelters, and signage, there will be ongoing costs to upgrade and maintain the stops. It is recommended that funding be identified for stops on an annual basis (approximately $20,000 would be a reasonable level). 3.2.7 Funding Options The primary sources of funding for transit services in Colorado are ones the Town presently uses. General fund dollars are used for local services and a sales tax is in place to fund ECO regional transit services. The Town accesses Federal Transit Administration (FTA) funds for the discretionary capital fund program, known as FTA section 5309. In addition, the Town has requested FTA 5311, ARRA and Senate Bill 1 funding for transit capital funds. Currently the Town funds $1.5 million out of the general fund. Additional ongoing funding will be needed for all future alternatives. Assuming local funds are needed to support operations plus 20% of capital costs, the long-term local funding responsibility would be between $3.4 and $5.3 million per year. Considerations in determining how to fund long-term transit operations are listed below. Different mechanisms are considered and may vary by route. Beaver Creek Resort Company/Vail Resorts Beaver Creek Resort Company (BCRC) has historically been responsible for funding transportation for its customers to Beaver Creek Village for skiing and night-time dining and entertainment. Ideally, BCRC would continue to fund this service and would do so year-round. If the town pays for this service, a sales tax increase may be an effective mechanism to assure that the amount of service benefitting BCRC visitors is paid for by those visitors. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-43 Development Impact Fees Much of the increase in transit service is for new development. Colorado allows development impact fees for the capital cost of transit services, but at present does not provide for development impact fees for operating costs. The Town may wish to support changes to Colorado’s laws regulating development impact fees to expand them to cover operating costs as well as capital costs. California and other states have used this funding mechanism with good results for over twenty years. Sales Tax Increase A sales tax increase could be used to raise funding for future transit. Sales taxes are widely used statewide for funding transit services and are viewed as one of the best ways to provide transit funding for Avon. In resort areas such as Avon, a high proportion (about 2/3rds) is derived from guest spending. This places the responsibility for funding on visitors who use much of the transit services. A downside is that sales tax collections reflect the economy and in downturns can significantly impact the ability of a local agency to provide transit services. To mitigate this, an adequate reserve is needed to provide for stable service delivery. The Town has calculated that a sales tax of 0.75% (e.g. $0.75 on a $100 purchase) would be adequate to fund both transit and trails expansion. Forming a Regional Transit District that includes the Beaver Creek Metropolitan District may be an option for establishing long-term transit funding. Lodging Tax The Town estimates that a small lodging tax applicable to lodges in both Avon and the BCMD could generate revenue to fund the Beaver Creek shuttle. However, the Town estimates that a lodging tax increase within only the Avon town limits would not be adequate to generate sufficient revenue unless it was considerably higher than other lodging taxes in Colorado. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 3-44 3.3 Bus Stop Guidelines BUS STOP GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS Prepared for: Felsburg Holt & Ullevig Prepared by: TransitPlus, Inc. July 29, 2009 Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 II. GENERAL----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 III. TYPES OF BUS STOPS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 3.1 Street-side and Curbside Factors-------------------------------------------------------------6 3.2 Curb-side: Amenities and Access------------------------------------------------------------11 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Map of Transit Zones-----------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Figure 2. Bus Stop Sign Types-----------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Figure 3. Freestanding Route Map------------------------------------------------------------------------9 Figure 4. Accessible Bus Stop Pad and Shelter – Minimum Dimensions----------------------12 Figure 5. Example of Influential Factors on Waiting Pad Size-------------------------------------13 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Matrix of Bus Stop Requirements-------------------------------------------------------------6 Table 2. Current Bus Stops by Type, As of June, 2009--------------------------------------------19 Table 3. Proposed Bus Stops by Type-----------------------------------------------------------------20 ATTACHMENT - Lake Street Shelter Example Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 1 I. INTRODUCTION These Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards identify expectations for bus stops and standardize bus stop design features. Standardization results in less confusion for bus operators, passengers, and motorists and create a uniform look and feel to the transit system. Consistency in design, however, can be difficult to achieve as many factors influence the choices. These standards will be applied by the Public Works Department, the Engineering Department the Transportation Department, and the Community Development Department in response to property development, re-development, and general streetscape planning. They provide basic guidelines for establishing bus stops on streets and reflect an integration of current Town of Avon practices and facilities as well as industry best practices1. The West Town Center design guidelines have been used herein for illustrative purposes 2. Signage design should be discussed during the plan review period on a site-specific basis. The development of bus stops begins with building orientation so that pedestrians can readily access convenient bus stops. Developers are encouraged to review this document and discuss the requirements at the plan development phase with the Public Works and Transportation Department. Prior to approval of plan documents, site plans require a review by the Director of Public Works and Transportation to assure the development and siting of bus stops provide convenient access, pedestrian connectivity, pedestrian safety, and smooth vehicle operations. These guidelines and standards address the types of bus stops, location, and the amenities required at different types of stops. They include: general information on bus stops, a description of the types of bus stops in the Town of Avon, a section discussing factors related to traffic movements and the interface with the roadway (street-side factors), and a section on factors related to passenger access, site design, and accessibility (curb-side factors). 1 Transit Cooperative Research Program Report 19: Guidelines for the Location and Design of Bus Stops. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1996, National Academy Press, Washington, DC 2 Town Center District Investment Plan, Design Workshop, August 2007 Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 2 II. GENERAL The Department of Transportation is responsible for establishing bus stops along Town routes, and working with ECO Transit in establishing stops for regional services. The Town will work with CDOT as needed for stops located within the Town boundaries on US Highway 6. These guidelines make references to transit zones so Figure 1 illustrates the adopted transit zones. • Bus stop requirements may be upgraded from time-to-time to reflect passenger, vehicle, or transit operating needs, or in response to new development, intersection improvements, or sidewalk installations. • Bus stops with amenities may be required for developments in areas receiving “Mountain Core” transit levels of service. Stops are designated as “simple” “enhanced level 1” or enhanced level 2”, each requiring a different set of amenities. Simple stops have limited requirements and “enhanced level 2 the most requirements. • Stops presently located along some transit corridors may need to be upgraded in response to development or redevelopment or even relocated. • In general bus stops will be required about every 1,500 feet on arterials, unless ridership warrants a less frequent spacing. • Space for bus stops will be required on both sides of streets to allow for bi-directional service, even if bi-directional service is not provided presently. • Bus stops to support a particular development may or may not abut the property. At times, a stop at the nearest intersection or on the opposite side of the intersection may provide for better vehicle flow, site distance, and pedestrian safety. The Town reserves the right to require right-of-way dedication and to charge developers for the cost of bus stop improvements when properties undergo development or redevelopment when such improvements are planned by the Town as shown herein and/or if the Town determines that the project necessitates the creation of a new bus stop. • The Town will decide on whether to serve a given location with a near-side, far-side, or mid-block stop. In establishing stops it is important to understand the operating constraints and issues for the automobile, transit, and pedestrian perspectives. The following safety and operating elements will be considered in bus stop placement3: Safety: • Passenger protection from passing traffic • Passenger protection from weather • Access for people with disabilities • All-weather surface to step from/to the bus • Street lighting • Proximity to passenger crosswalks and curb ramps Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 3 Figure 1. Map of Transit Zones 3 Transit Cooperative Research Program Report 19: Guidelines for the Location and Design of Bus Stops, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1996, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, adapted from page 19. Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 4 • Proximity of stop for transfers to routes in the opposite direction Operating: • Impact of the bus stop on adjacent properties • On-street automobile parking and designated delivery zones • Snow plowing considerations • Bus routing patterns (i.e. individual bus movements at intersections) • Width of roadway and intersecting streets • Types of traffic controls (signal, stop, yield, or round-about) • Volumes and turning movements of other traffic • Width of sidewalks Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 5 III. TYPES OF BUS STOPS The basic types of bus stops are standard on-street stops and transfer centers. • Standard on-street bus stops are located on municipal streets and roads. These stops may be: - Simple stops, marked by a bus stop sign (e.g. Avon Library). A bear-proof garbage can is also required. Bicycle racks and newspaper racks are optional. These stops are anticipated to have less than 25 passenger boardings on a peak travel day. - Enhanced stops with amenities based on passenger use. The stop on the west side of Lake Street is a prototype example of one with a shelter. In addition to signage and garbage can, amenities may include benches, shelters, bike racks, or other items, as described below. Stops with 25 to 50 passenger peak season boardings will have benches and signs only; stops with 50 or more passenger boardings will have shelters and amenities. These are denoted as Enhanced Level I and Enhanced Level II, respectively. • Transfer centers or hubs are locations where multi-mode connections are made. For example: two or more buses meet, a bus meets a train, or bus-gondola or bus-parking connections are possible and passengers transfer between routes or services. These may be in the public right-of-way or on private property. Presently Avon Station is the only transfer center used by Avon Transit and ECO transit. ECO transit also uses the stop near Walmart which is adjacent to public parking garage located within the Traer Creek Metro District. A future transit hub linking car, bus, train, bike, and pedestrians, is expected for the East Avon area near Post Road. Table 1 summarizes the requirements for each type of stop by transit service zone. At the end of these Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards is a list of current stops and essential future stops by type. Generally all bus stops are required to have a pullout, an area of asphalt large enough for the bus to pull out of the lane of traffic. Transit hubs shall be custom designed to match the passenger demand characteristics and existing multi-modal connections provided at the site. Transit hubs shall be designed with the same basic principles set forth for upgraded stops but will necessarily be larger in size because of the number of vehicles and passengers they must accommodate. Transfer centers or hubs need to have room for passenger vehicles and for passenger loading, including those who use wheelchairs. A minimum of fifteen minute parking for passenger vehicles is also recommended in a loading zone. Adequate pedestrian room is also needed for passengers to wait and circulate. All amenities are required at transfer centers. Facilities for passengers include benches and shelters; signage to inform people how to use the system (including all routes stopping there, schedules, and system maps); a restroom access, and possibly ticket machines for regional bus or rail services. Adequate room is needed for the buses to lay-over and for drivers to take a break. The layover space may be at the primary bus stop or nearby. Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 6 Table 1. Matrix of Bus Stop Requirements Area “Simple” < 25 Pass/Day “Enhanced Level I” 25-50 Pass/Day “Enhanced Level II” 50 + Pass/Day Sign only – Type C or D Sign Type B plus schedule Sign – Type A, schedule, map Town Core Lighted but no amenities Lighted, amenities as desired (trash can, bench, bike rack) Shelter, trash can, lighted, bike rack Sign only Sign plus schedule Sign, schedule, map Outer Core Lighted but no amenities Lighted, amenities as desired (trash can, bench, bike rack) Lighted, amenities as desired (trash can, bench, bike rack) Sign only Sign plus schedule Sign plus schedule Mountain Rural Place near light when possible Lighted but no amenities Amenities as appropriate Note: (1) All stops are required to have solar lighting and a pull-out suitable for a 40-foot bus. (2) Passenger boardings reflect average winter boardings 3.1 Street-side and Curbside Factors Bus stops are considered from the perspective of “street-side” and “curb-side”. The following sections discuss factors and design standards for each. The street-side factors focus on traffic movements and the interface with the roadway. The curb-side considerations focus on passenger movements and amenities for each type of stop. The curb-side section also addresses site development issues. Street-side: The Roadway Interface Location of Stops: Near-side, far-side, or mid-block Decisions on bus stop placement will be made on a case-by-case basis. Each location has advantages and disadvantages. The Department of Public Works and Transportation will balance the safety and operating concerns for vehicles and pedestrians when making decisions on stop locations. Site distance for pedestrians and vehicles, vehicle turning movements, traffic congestion, pedestrian walking distances, and other issues will be considered. Length of Bus Stops Bus stop zones will be sized for 40-foot length buses plus an additional five feet to accommodate ski boxes and/or bicycle racks. Minimum no-parking zone distances for each type are: Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 7 • Near-side: 100’ measured from the extreme outside end of curb radius • Far-side: 90’ measured from cross-walk. For stops made after a right turn, measure the 90’ distance from the end of the radius. • Mid-block: 150’ Roadway Design – Clearance Requirements • Overhead obstructions should be a minimum of 12-feet above the street • Obstructions including tree branches and signs should not be located within 2-feet of the edge of the street to avoid being struck by a mirror • Traffic lanes should be no narrower than 12-feet and a desirable curb-lane width (including gutter) is 14-feet. • Snow plowing considerations should be addressed. Bus Stop Signage Design4 The purpose of this section is to provide guidelines for exterior wayfinding signs and to establish a consistent and controlled transit sign program. Use of consistent design, color, materials, logo, topography and size relationships will help build a cohesive identity in the transit system. Many illustrations in this section are from the West Town Center Design Guidelines. Sign requirements vary from location to location specifically relating to the bus stop usage guidelines listed above (i.e. simple vs. enhanced and whether the area received Mountain Core or Mountain Rural levels of transit service). Generally the sign and route information will be the responsibility of the Town of Avon, but the Town’s sign application process must be followed if the developer wishes to install signage. • Simple bus stops require a freestanding bus stop sign and any signage required to denote a no parking zone. • Enhanced bus stops require signage denoting the stop name and schedules. Shelters will have a map case that allows for posting current route maps and schedules. • For all transit sign messages, the town utilizes both Copperplate Gothic 33BC and Engravers MT; all caps and/or big and small caps are preferred. • If possible all bus stops should be equipped with Avon Sign Types A and B: Banner and Bus Identification (Light Standard). The specifications for the sign and identification details are illustrated in Figure 2. Contact the Engineering Department for detailed specifications of compliant bus stops signs by type. 4 Town Center District Investment Plan, Design Workshop, August 2007 Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 8 Figure 2. Bus Stop Sign Types Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 9 • All text, symbols and directional arrows must match the spacing and placement shown. Messages are double sided. The post base should be fabricated aluminum on all four sides and exposed services are to be powder coated. The number of signs needed at specific stops shall be determined by the department of transportation. Contact the Engineering Department for detailed specification of compliant bus stop signage by type. • The freestanding route map case should be installed at bus stops as indicated in Table 1. The map should have a Engravers MT typeface and be constructed of 6” square fabricated aluminum “I-Beam” posts. Paint or powder coat on all exposed surfaces. Contact the engineering department for detailed specification of compliant bus stop signage by type. Figure 3 illustrates a freestanding route map. Figure 3. Freestanding Route Map Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 10 Placement of Bus Stop Signage Signs should be placed at the location where people board at the front door of the bus. The bottom of the sign should be at least 6.5-feet above ground level and should not be located closer than 2-feet from the curb face. Snow plowing considerations shall be addressed. In some cases a shared sign post or placing the sign on a shelter can be used to reduce the number of poles and obstructions. Break-away sign posts are recommended to minimize injuries and vehicular damage and to facilitate replacement of the post. Signs should not be obstructed by trees, buildings, or other signs. Safety • Lighting is important for safety, making it easier for transit passengers to observe waiting passengers, for motorists to see pedestrians, and for passengers to judge distances and the location of steps. Photovoltaic lighting shall be provided at bus stops whenever possible. Contact Engineering for more information on PV lighting specifications and for lighting at bus shelters. The towns standard components for shelters are: - Kyocera KC857 high efficiency muti-cry 62 W pv panel. - Sunlight solar lighting controller 12v-10 amp - 12v-20hr low-loss sealer gei battery for cold weather 8 hours - NEMA 4 enclosure - 12VDC LED lighting with 70w min bulb - Performance for 36 hours of operations between charging - Smaller systems may be approved for simple-type stops without shelters • Adjacent street light with bus stop sign (with or without banner) shall be per Type A (Figure 2) (with stone clad base if space allows) • The stopped bus will affect site distance for pedestrians and vehicles and must be considered in locating the stop. • Turning lanes and round-a-bouts require special accommodations to incorporate bus stops in a manner that provides for smooth vehicle operations and safe pedestrian crossings. These will be addressed on a case-by-case basis. • When bicycle lanes and a bus stop are both present, the operators need to be able to see cyclists in both directions while approaching the stop. Sufficient site distance for cyclists to stop safely upon encountering a stopped bus is also needed. Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 11 3.2 Curb-side: Amenities and Access Curb-side factors include those factors and issues that can affect the comfort, safety, and convenience of bus patrons. The Avon Transportation Department and developers should utilize this section as guidelines for providing safe, clean facilities and improving access and convenience to create a pedestrian-friendly community. This section includes discussion about shelter design and placement, amenities, and comfort at the bus stop. Pedestrian Access The needs of riders extend beyond the bus stop to and from the surrounding neighborhood. Building sidewalks, pedestrian bridges, and other safe and convenient crossings are essential, especially for midblock bus stops on busy roads. • Riders should not have to walk through grass or exposed soil to reach the bus. During inclement areas such walkways can become worn and muddy and snow accumulation can create additional problems. • Adequate space free suitable for snow storage shall be provided so the bus stop and passenger waiting area can be kept clear of snow. • Coordinate sidewalks and other pedestrian enhancements to make access to the bus stop as direct as possible. Sidewalk placement that is coordinated with land use and bus stop locations is critical to encouraging the use of transit. Sidewalk design and placement can be used to reduce walking times from the development to the bus stop. • Coordinate bus stops with pedestrian crosswalks to encourage safe access across streets and minimize jaywalking. • Walkways and accessible ramps may be constructed of paving materials (asphalt or small aggregate paving gravel) if there is a slight slope over a relatively short distance, but decisions on materials will be the responsibility of the Town Engineer. • It is desirable that ramps throughout town share consistent design elements in the form of handrail design and materials and ramp base materials wherever possible. • ADA accessibility guidelines must be followed when constructing a ramp. ADA Accessibility • All new stops must conform to ADA requirements. • Examine all paths planned from the bus stop to the land use destinations. Determine whether there are any obstacles that may restrict wheelchair movements or the movements of persons with vision impairments. Protrusions higher than 27 inches or lower than 80 inches may not be detectable to a person with a cane. • Surfaces must be stable, firm, and slip resistant. Avoid abrupt changes in grade and bevel those that cannot be eliminated. A ramp must be installed on any surface with a drop greater than ½ inch or surface grade steeper than 1:20. • Signs must be designed for use by transit riders with vision impairments. Specific guidelines are given in Section 4.30 of Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities, Transportation Facilities and Transportation Vehicles. In some cases, two signs may be needed to ensure visibility for most users and to assist users with sight limitations. Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 12 Figure 4. Accessible Bus Stop Pad and Shelter – Minimum Dimensions Source: TCRP Report 19: Guidelines for Location and Design of Bus Stops 3.3 Waiting Areas • Five feet of clearance should be preserved on sidewalks to reduce potential pedestrian conflicts and limit congestion during boarding times. • Depending on the availability of right-of-way space, utility poles, or buildings, the pad can be located on either side of the sidewalk. A paved surface should be provided from the waiting pad to the back-face of the curb to enhance access and comfort. Waiting pads separated from the sidewalk preserve general pedestrian flow. • The pad should accommodate a 5-foot (measured parallel to the street) by 8-foot (measured from the back face of the curb) wheelchair landing pad that is free of all street furniture and overhangs. • Provide additional square footage and equipment racks for bikes, skis and snowboards. Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 13 Figure 5. Example of Influential Factors on Waiting Pad Size Source: TCRP Report 19: Guidelines for Location and Design of Bus Stops 3.4 Shelters From the rider's point of view, an ideal shelter is one that allows visibility and easy access to the bus, is comfortable and convenient, provides clear information, and is safe. From the perspective of the system, a good shelter is one that has low maintenance requirements and is vandal-resistant. These design recommendations are intended to fulfill both perspectives. Bus stops with 50 or more passenger boardings per day will have a bus shelter. Location The bus stop shelter should be located to enhance the circulation patterns of riders, reduce the amount of pedestrian congestion at a bus stop, and reduce conflict with nearby pedestrian activities. Specific guidelines for locating bus shelters are: • Bus shelters near intersections should be set back from the crosswalk approximately 10 feet to avoid conflicts with pedestrian traffic. If a bus stop is on the far side of an intersection, the shelter should be located a minimum of 40 feet from the crosswalk to allow adequate room for the bus to stop. • A minimum of 4 feet should be allowed between the bus shelter and the curb for free movement in boarding and exiting from the bus. • Bus shelters should have their long side parallel to the sidewalk to minimize interference with pedestrian traffic. • Exit and entry openings should be oriented so that people are protected from the wind and weather. However, it is important to keep the side of the shelter facing the street open to allow passengers to board or exit the bus easily. • Provide proper orientation for roof drainage and snow removal (watch potential for icicle formation). • When shelters are directly adjacent to a building, a 12-inch clear space should be preserved to permit trash removal or cleaning of the shelter. Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 14 • Elements such as signs, information kiosks or vendors (where permitted) that can obstruct the view of oncoming buses should be located "down-stream" from the shelter. Design A bus shelter should be designed to reflect the place in which it is located. This is accomplished through the use of local materials and by the design details. Our recommended standards for shelter design can be adapted to reflect the unique characteristics of each particular neighborhood, but should in general have a consistent theme. All well-designed bus shelters have the following five general qualities: visibility, accessibility, comfort and convenience, public information, and ease of maintenance. One example shelter is that installed on Lake Street. Engineering information for this shelter is attached to these guidelines and available through the Town Engineer. General Characteristics and Size • The general aesthetic of the site – uncomplicated shapes, uncluttered façade surfaces shall be respected wherever possible. • A weathered, scrubbed look is desirable for buildings and improvements on the site reflecting the overall nature of the site and Colorado ranching and mining architectural themes. The look of the aspens, logs, cedar shakes weathered shingles are all icons of this area. • Renewable resource systems and materials are strongly encouraged to showcase sustainable approaches provided that they match these other requirements. • The size of a bus shelter depends on the climate as well as the number of people who are expected to use it and the expected use determined by the Department of Transportation. Building Massing and Roof Height • All bus shelters shall be 3-sided. Open canopy designs are not permitted as they do not protect users from the harsh mountain weather conditions. • Clerestories and skylights are permitted on a case-by-case basis provided that they are weather-tight. These features help to bring natural light into the bus stop but tend to result in higher maintenance and increase the risk of leakage. Exterior Materials • Exterior cladding shall be composed of natural or recycled materials. • No vinyl or aluminum cladding shall be used for siding or trim except in the case of recycled materials that meet the guidelines set forth in this section. • Cladding should not change or alternate from front to side to rear elevations if this would be inconsistent with other surrounding buildings. • Preferred exterior cladding materials include cedar siding and clapboards, cedar plywood sheathing, and composite/cement cladding with appropriate shingle or clapboard-type finish (preferably with recycled materials used). The use of cedar Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 15 eliminates ongoing maintenance and painting requirements and may be left to weather naturally. • Recycled, “green” materials, and materials obtained locally are encouraged. These materials should be compatible with natural wood materials and stone. Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) may be used where masonry materials are needed to repair or rehabilitate existing masonry structures. • Bus shelters should be composed of structural bolt-together members and inset panels, not snap-together "curtain walls" or decorative sections that are easily vandalized. Steel (with protective coating) or wood structures are allowed. Concrete is not allowed as it is monolithic in appearance and tends to discolor and soil easily. • Photovoltaic systems on façades or roofs and solar water systems are encouraged. Seating • The amount of seating should be based on both the number of people who will use the shelter and the amount of time people will spend waiting. Where people wait for a long time, or where the shelter is used by the elderly or infirm, more seating is generally needed than in areas where the bus comes more frequently. • The Towns standard material for interior bench seats is a textured light grey TREX or HPDE lumber with a maximum support spacing of 12 inches due to elastic property of these materials. • A bench rail should be provided and located about 3 feet 6 inches above the ground. Materials of construction should be cedar, Trex, or dimensional lumber made of recycled materials. Windows, Doors and Side Panels • Side panels should generally not be used on the curbside of the shelter, except on very narrow streets with heavy traffic. If side panels are used on the curbside, an opening at least 3 feet wide needs to be provided to allow people access to the buses. • Side panels should be mounted 3 inches off the ground so that debris will not collect inside the shelter. If more than 3 inches off the ground, they will not keep out drafts. • Side panels, windows and doors shall be clear, e.g., colorless safety glass, Herculite, Lexan or other vandalism resistant material, and sized in relatively small sections for ease of replacement (e.g., due to vandalism). Plastic or Plexiglas, mirrored or colored glass is not allowed. • New windows shall be natural/protected wood finish, except in cases of limited replacement where windows shall match color of existing fenestration. Vinyl (red or green) clad windows are allowed. • Only fixed, non-opening windows are allowed. • Protruding bay windows are not allowed. • New windows may be constructed of wood, vinyl or aluminum clad, or “plastic” wood composite materials. Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 16 Roof • A pitched roof must be used to prevent the collection of snow, rain, and debris. • Roofing shall standing seam metal for longevity, ease of maintenance and snow and ice removal. • Roofs shall drain away from heavy pedestrian traffic areas (e.g., note icicle formation potential). • Mechanical equipment shall not be located on roof tops, except for photovoltaic panels, solar hot water panels, special ventilation systems, and related types of equipment. • Roof color shall be Toyota Green unless otherwise pre-approved by the Town. Other • All color decisions shall be made by the Town of Avon. • Natural materials that weather well, such as cedar, are encouraged wherever possible and are preferred over materials that must be painted, stained or sealed. • Lighting shall be as listed in section 3.16. Shelter lights should be housed in a protective casing to reduce vandalism, and directed to illuminate the waiting and boarding areas. An intensity of 20 lumens per square foot is recommended for safety. • Solar-powered lighting is encouraged for shelters. • Adjacent street light and bus stop sign (with or without banner) shall be per Elevation 4 on sheets GR9 (with stone clad base if space allows) or GR10 (without stone clad base) of the West Town Center Design Guidelines. • Schedule, route information, and a map case should be located in or next to bus shelters but not so that the view of the oncoming bus is blocked. The Transportation Department will provide information on the standard sign frame design and size to facilitate display of the same core transit information at all stops. Bus stop sign text shall be determined for each stop by the Transportation Department. • Advertising panels – to be considered on a case by case basis 3.5 Amenities Benches All bus stops with more than 25 boardings per day are required to install a bench with the following guidelines: • Coordinate bench locations with existing street lights to increase visibility and enhance the security of a stop. • Do not locate benches in completely exposed locations, if possible. Coordinate bench locations with existing shade trees or install landscaping to provide protection from the elements. • Install benches on a non-slip, properly drained, pad. • Install benches away from driveways. Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 17 • Maintain a minimum separation of 2 feet between the bench and the back-face of the curb. • At bench-only stops additional waiting room near the bench should be provided. • All street furnishings should be compatible with one another in appearance, style, color and construction quality. • The Town’s standard component for exterior benches is Landscape Forms, Model "Chase Park 3-Seat Backed Unit, Surface Mount" 74" in length minimum cast aluminum back and seat in Toyota Green (olive, stock color) Substitutions may be permitted by the Department of Transportation with written pre-approval. Signage and Route Information Placement and design guidelines for each sign discussed in the street-side section. The Town will be responsible for the design of the information and providing updated information when changes are made to the routes and schedules. Recreational Equipment Storage Facilities Properly designated and located recreational equipment storage facilities discourage users from locking bikes or resting skis in nuscience locations such as onto the bus facilities or on an adjacent property. Proper storage can reduce the amount of visual clutter at a stop by confining this equipment to one area. Recommendations regarding recreational equipment storage facilities are as follows: • Bicycle racks should be installed when demand warrants, specifically at those stops where commuters and residents are prevalent. • Bike racks shall be U-lock compatible. • Locate the bicycle storage area away from other pedestrian activities. • Coordinate the storage facilities near on-site lighting. • Provide space to lean both skis and snowboards (2-4 per stop) wherever possible. Trash Receptacles Provide one bear-proof garbage can per shelter (Bearsaver Model HA-P (brown) with M__ Kit Model HA-C/Cedar) The Town has experimented with other types and found no other equal. Anchor the receptacle securely to the ground. Locate the receptacle away from the wheelchair landing pad areas and allow for at least a 3-foot separation from other street furniture. Locate the receptacle at least 2 feet from the back of the curb. If the receptacle is adjacent to the roadway, ensure it does not obstruct the site distance of nearby driveways or land uses. Bus Stop Guidelines and Standards TransitPlus, Inc. Page 18 Security* * Also see “Lighting” in Street-side section 3.16 Some guidelines regarding security at bus stops are as follows: • From the security perspective, landscaping, walls, and solid structures can restrict sight lines and provide places to hide. • Bus stop shelters include windows that provide an unobstructed of and to patrons waiting inside. • The stops themselves should be highly visible to permit bus drivers and vehicles to clearly see the stop. • Landscaping elements should include low-growing shrubbery and ground cover reducing the visual barriers present with higher-growing landscaping and trees. • Coordinate stops with existing street lighting. • Stops should be placed near existing land uses to enhance surveillance of the site. Bu s S t o p G u i d e l i n e s a n d S t a n d a r d s Tr a n s i t P l u s , I n c . Page 19 Ta b l e 2 . C u r r e n t B u s S t o p s b y T y p e , A s o f J u n e , 2 0 0 9 Ex i s t i n g S t o p s Ri d e r s h i p 2/ 1 8 / 2 0 0 8 Ri d e r s h i p 6/ 2 6 / 2 0 0 8 Ty p e Sh e l t e r Be n c h Tr a s h Ca n Sc h e d u l e Po s t Sc h e d u l e Ho l d e r Pu l l - ou t Comments / Other Th e A s p e n s 19 9 1 4 0 E 2 √ √ √ √ √ Av o n C r o s s i n g 1 , 3 5 1 3 8 6 E 2 √ √ √ √ Shelter needed Ch a p e l S q u a r e 31 4 E 1 √ √ Upgrade to E2 Ch r i s t i e L o d g e 33 1 37 E 2 √ √ Shelter, signage upgrades ne e d e d . U s e s r i g h t t u r n la n e . Ch r i s t y S p o r t s 16 1 S √ √ Ci t y M a r k e t S B n/ a n/ a E 2 √ ( 2 ) √ Ci t y M a r k e t N B 2 3 8 1 6 2 E 2 √ √ E2 recommended for both w/ 2-way service. Shelter ne e d e d o n b o t h s i d e s . Co m f o r t I n n 10 4 n / a E 2 √ U p g r a d e Ea g l e b e n d N o r t h 4 1 21 E 1 √ √ Ea g l e b e n d W e s t 8 9 32 E 2 √ √ Shared with ECO. Shelter im p r o v e m e n t s d e s i r a b l e . La k e S t r e e t - Re c r e a t i o n C e n t e r 25 2 n / a E 2 √ Ri v e r E d g e 66 26 E 2 √ √ Shared with ECO. Sh e r a t o n M t n V i s t a 2 0 9 E 2 √ √ E2 recommended based on gr o w t h p o t e n t i a l St o n e b r i d g e D r i v e 7 7 41 E 2 √ √ √ √ Shelter desirable but limited la n d a r e a a v a i l a b l e . We s t g a t e 8 0 8 2 E 2 √ √ √ √ W. B e a v e r C r e e k Bl v d . 10 5 S √ ( 2 ) √ √ √ Bu s S t o p T y p e s S = S i m p l e E1 – E n h a n c e d L e v e l I E2 = E n h a n c e d L e v e l I I Bu s S t o p G u i d e l i n e s a n d S t a n d a r d s Tr a n s i t P l u s , I n c . Page 20 Ta b l e 3 . P r o p o s e d B u s S t o p s b y T y p e Lo c a t i o n Si d e Di r e c t i o n Re c o m m e n d e d Ty p e Co m m e n t s Op p o s i t e A s p e n s We s t S B E2 P u l l - o u t e x i s t s W. B e a v e r C r e e k B l v d , we s t e n d No r t h W B S I d e n t i f y b e s t l o c a t i o n g i v e n R O W a n d d r a i n a g e c h a n n e l s W. B e a v e r C r e e k B l v d ea s t e n d No r t h W B S I d e n t i f y b e s t l o c a t i o n g i v e n R O W a n d d r a i n a g e c h a n n e l s La k e S t r e e t - N B Ea s t N B E2 P u l l o u t E x i s t s Po s t O f f i c e ( W . B C B l v d ) N o r t h W B E2 M a y be d e s i r a b l e w i t h b i - d i r e c t i o n a l s e r v i c e Op p o s i t e C h r i s t i e L o d g e S o u t h E B E2 E n g i n e e r t o d e v e l o p b e s t l o c a t i o n Se v e r a l s t o p s o n U S 6 S o u t h E B E2 Sh a r e w i t h E C O T r a n s i t ; A l l h a v e s h e l t e r s b u t s o m e u p g r a d e s m a y b e d e s i r a b l e . Ma p s a n d s i g n a g e n e e d e d US 6 b e t w e e n P o s t R d an d S t o n e b r i d g e ( 2 st o p s ) No r t h W B E 2 Sh a r e w i t h E C O T r a n s i t ; H a v e s h e l t e r s b u t s o m e u p g r a d e s m a y b e d e s i r a b l e . M a p s an d s i g n a g e n e e d e d . Hu r d L a n e , o p p o s i t e Av o n C r o s s i n g No r t h W B E 2 I d e n t i f y b e s t l o c a t i o n Hu r d L a n e , o p p o s i t e Ea g l e b e n d N o r t h s t o p No r t h W B E 1 I d e n t i f y b e s t l o c a t i o n St o n e b r i d g e E a s t N B E 2 I d e n t i f y be s t l o c a t i o n g i v e n R O W a n d s t r e a m Ea s t o f C h a p e l S q u a r e N o r t h W B E2 L o c a t e e a s t o f i n t e r s e c t i o n t o s e r v e n e w d e v e l o p m e n t a n d a v o i d Vi l l a g e a t A v o n No r t h a n d So u t h EB a n d W B E 2 12 p a i r e d s t o p s a t 6 l o c a t i o n s h a v e b e e n i d e n t i f i e d . F i n a l l o c a t i o n s w i l l d e p e n d o n ro a d w a y p a t t e r n s . Sw i f t G u l c h N a n d S E B a n d W B M o s t E 1 11 s t o p s h a v e b e e n i d e n t i f i e d o n r o a d , m o s t p a i r e d b u t o n l y o n e o n n o r t h s i d e n e a r Bu f f a l o R i d g e . S h e l t e r s m i g h t b e d e s i r a b l e a t 2 - 4 o f t h e b u s i e s t s t o p s . Wi l d r i d g e R o u t e Al l Al l Mo s t S 13 t o 1 4 p o t e n t i a l s t o p s h a v e b e e n i d e n t i f i e d on t h i s r o u t e . F i n a l l o c a t i o n s w i l l n e e d to c o n s i d e r g r a d e a n d t r a f f i c c o n s i d e r a t i o n s . C o o r d i n a t e w i t h s c h o o l d i s t r i c t ; s t o p s o n gr a d e s s h o u l d b e o n s h o u l d e r a r e a s , a n d s o m e b a s e w o r k a n d p a v i n g i s a n t i c i p a t e d to b e n e e d e d . Bu s S t o p T y p e s S = S i m p l e E1 – E n h a n c e d L e v e l I E2 = E n h a n c e d L e v e l I I Bu s S t o p G u i d e l i n e s a n d S t a n d a r d s Tr a n s i t P l u s , I n c . Page 21 At t a c h m e n t - L a k e S t r e e t S h e l t e r E x a m p l e Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 4-1 CHAPTER 4. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS The Town of Avon has experienced rapid growth in recent years. Avon provides a focal point for housing, lodging and services that support year-round recreational opportunities throughout the area. Like many communities along the Interstate 70 mountain corridor, increasing travel demand in Avon has accompanied the growth in both residential and commercial development. Planned re-development of the Avon Town Center, along with anticipated new development in the Village at Avon, will also place increasing pressure on the Town’s existing transportation system. Along with increasing traffic volumes, a growing demand for alternative transportation modes is expected. To help maintain the quality of life in this mountain community, this Comprehensive Transportation Plan provides an integrated approach to planning for future roadway improvements, transit service enhancements, and non-motorized facilities. The analyses documented in this report have been based on land use projections for the year 2035. Future travel demand forecasts and the associated impacts to the multi-modal system in Avon have been estimated. Existing and future deficiencies have been identified for roadways, bicycle/pedestrian facilities, and the transit system. Improvement alternatives for each mode have been developed to ensure adequate capacity, enhanced safety, and convenience of service for residents and visitors. The resultant recommendations are described as follows: Roadway System • Widen US 6 to four through-lanes. • Construct a single-lane roundabout at the Nottingham Road/Swift Gulch Road intersection. • Reduce the number of approach lanes on Beaver Creek Boulevard (East and West) at the roundabout at Avon Road. Bicycle/Pedestrian Facilities • Continue to support ECO Trails regional trail planning and construction in Avon. • Construct sidewalk along Beaver Creek Boulevard (East and West) to provide pedestrian continuity. • Construct sidewalk along the north side of US 6 between Post Boulevard and West Beaver Creek Boulevard. • Provide a trail connection from West Beaver Creek Boulevard to the southwest corner of Nottingham Park. • Construct improvements to the existing trail along Nottingham Road, including sidewalks, crosswalks, streetscape and lighting improvements, transit stops, and connections through the guardrail section. • Construct bike lanes on Metcalf Road from Nottingham Road to Old Trail Road in Wildridge. Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 4-2 • Construct a pedestrian bridge over I-70 from the Buffalo Ridge apartments to the Village at Avon. • Provide a trail connection from Nottingham Road to the Buck Creek Trailhead. • Install sidewalk along the north side of Chapel Place at the east side of Chapel Square. • Construct a grade separated crossing under US 6 on the east side of the Avon Road roundabout (at Beaver Creek) and construct a pedestrian bridge over the Eagle River in this vicinity. • Construct a grade separated pedestrian crossing of I-70 near Metcalf Road. • Construct a grade separated crossing of Avon Road between the East and West Town Centers (at the Main Street alignment). • Construct a pedestrian crossing over or under the UPRR from Eagle Bend Drive to the Village at Avon. • Construct new trails and provide trail enhancements as defined in the recently adopted Town of Avon Recreational Trails Master Plan. Transit • Implement the Near Term Transit Plan, including additional services and route enhancements. • Develop Long Term plans and implement increased service, routing, and fleet improvements. Figure 4.1 graphically depicts the above improvements. The primary goal for transportation in Avon is to encourage the use of alternative modes and to de-emphasize the private automobile, with a focus on safety for non-motorized users. Based on this, the above improvements have been prioritized into Near Term, Intermediate, and Long Range categories, as listed in Table 4.1. The preliminary opinions of probable cost are also included in the table. Recommended Improvements Figure 4.1 Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan, 08-159, 7/29/09 NORTH FELSBURG HOLT& ULLEVIG W illia m J . Post Blvd. Deer Blvd. B e a v e r C r eek Dr. Swift Gulch R d. Bach e l o r Gulc h Trai l W. Beaver Creek B l v d . M e t c a lf Rd. W i l d r i g e R d .Wild w o o d Rd . P a i n t b r u s h Pa i n t b r u s h Buc k Cree k Rd. Stone Cree k R d . E. Beaver Creek Blvd. AVON Trail Connection to Buck Creek Trailhead Roundabout Lane Reductions & Streetscape/Traffic Calming Improvements I-70 Ped Bridge Buck Creek Trail Near Term Transit Plan Long Range Transit Plan Metcalf Creek Trail Bike Lanes Interior Connecting Trails Beaver Creek Lookout Trail Saddle Ridge Trail Avon/Singletree Trail I-70 Ped Underpass or Bridge Sidewalks & Trail Connections/ Enhancements Trail Connection SidewalksPed Bridge Ped Underpass Sidewalk on North Side of US 6 Widen US 6 to 4 Lanes Sidewalks Ped BridgeSupport Regional Trails Construction 10 5 4 11 11 11 11 11 7 17 11 12 18 2 14 3151916 11989 6 13 X 70 70 6 6 E.Beav A Refer to Table 4.1 for improvement description and cost Town of Avon Comprehensive Transportation Plan Page 4-4 Table 4.1 Improvement Prioritization and Preliminary Cost Opinions Priority Project Description Cost (Millions) Near Term 1. Beaver Creek Boulevard Sidewalks $0.18 2. Beaver Creek Boulevard Lane Reductions/Streetscape $0.75 3. US 6 Sidewalks $1.20 4. Metcalf Road Bike Lanes $0.50 5. Nottingham Road Trail Improvements $0.50 6. Chapel Place Sidewalks $0.05 7. Near Term Transit Plan $2.0* Intermediate 8. Main Street Pedestrian Bridge over Avon Road $0.51 to $1.80 9. Pedestrian Connection- US 6 and Eagle River $1.50 10. I-70 Pedestrian Grade Separation at Metcalf Road $0.97 to $2.20 11. Implement Recreational Trails Master Plan $0.77 12. Nottingham Road/Buck Creek Trail Connection $0.05 13. W. Beaver Creek Blvd/Nottingham Park Connection $0.05 14. I-70 Pedestrian Bridge, Buffalo Ridge to the Village $2.00 Long Range 15. RR Pedestrian Grade Separation, Eagle Bend $1.40 to $2.20 16. Support ECO Trails Plan NA 17. Long Term Transit Plan $3.4 to $5.3* 18. Nottingham Road/Swift Gulch Road Roundabout $1.00 19. US 6 Four-Lane Widening $34.50 * Annual Operating Cost